FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 219, Arachnomyces   Arachnomyces Mass. & Salm. Citation when using this entry: Weerasinghe et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in selected orders.             Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Arachnomycetaceae, Arachnomycetales, Eurotiomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Arachnomyces was introduced by Massee & Salmon (1902) to accommodate Arachnomyces nitidus as the type species, which was isolated from Plantis putridis in Yorkshire, Northern England. Arachnomyces are commonly found in fragments of rotting plants and rat feces (Massee & Salmon 1902). Additionally, it was found on dung compost and dead grass in Canada (Malloch & Cain 1970). Arachnomyces is morphologically characterized by hyaline mycelia with numerous ampulliform swellings. Perithecia are globose, shining, brittle, non-ostiolate, and produce several long, hair-like appendages. The appendages are septate, flexible, thick-walled, and even in diameter, except for the swollen base. Perithecia [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 355, Areospora    Areospora G.D. Stentiford, S. Bateman, S.W. Feist, S. Oyarzún, J.C. Uribe, M. Palacios & D.M. Stone Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Parasites. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Areosporiidae, Incertae sedis, Incertae sedis, Microsporea, Incertae sedis, Microsporidia, Protozoa. Areospora was established with Areospora rohanae as the type species. Furthermore, the phylogenetic and morphological distinction from other diverse parasite phylum, therefore established a new genus under new family Areosporiidae to accommodate this parasite species (Stentiford et al. 2014). Merogonal and sporoogonal stages, in accordance with the generic description for Areospora, are found within the phagocytes and connective tissue cells of lithodid crabs. Parasite life stages can be enclosed within a specialized parasitophorous vacuole (SPV). The early sporogony is characterized by a distinctive rosette-like structure [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 332, Arrhenia   Arrhenia Fr. Citation if using this entry: Sysouphanthong et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia Basidiomycota 3.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Hygrophoraceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi Arrhenia is a saprobic genus, belongs to the Hygrophoraceae Lotsy., consisting 36 species worldwide, and Arrhenia auriscalpium is considered as the type species (Lodge et al. 2014, He et al. 2018, Kalichman et al. 2020). Morphologically, Arrhenia is characterized by various shape of basidiomata from pleurotelloid to omphalinoid, various shapes of pileus from nutants to infundibuliform, various shapes of gills (flat, wavy, wrinkled, gilled), and absent to present stipe with eccentric to central attachments, hyaline inamyloid basidiospores, absence of pleulocystidia, precence or absence of cheilocystidia, mostly cutis pileipellis, and presence of clamp connections (Lodge et al. 2014, Desjardin & Perry 2017, Voitk et al. 2020, 2022). [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 94 Ascagilis   Ascagilis K.D. Hyde Citation when using this entry: Calabon et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, freshwater fungi. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Ascagilis has sessile or stalked ascomata, cellular pseudoparaphyses, and 1-septate, brown ascospores mostly with a refractive mucilaginous pad at each end. Ascagilis was established by Hyde (1992) to accommodate A. bipolaris, which was isolated from submerged wood at the base of a waterfall in Australia. However, subsequent study led to the suppression of Ascagilis as its type species A. bipolaris was considered to belong in Jahnula (Hyde and Wong 1999). According to Dong et al. (2020), the presence of fusiform to ellipsoidal ascospores with bipolar pads is sufficient for distinguishing Ascagilis as a distinct genus based on their new collections, which is also supported by phylogenetic analysis. Ascagilis [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 212,  Ascochalara   Ascochalara Réblová. Citation when using this entry: Silva et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Sordariomycetidae.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank,  GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Ascochalara was introduced by Réblová (1999) as a monospecific genus, based on morphological characterization (Réblová 1999). Based on the perithecial wall, asci, paraphyses, and ascospores, and the chalara-like asexual morph, unique combinations of characteristics differentiate it from other known genera in Chaetosphaeriaceae (Réblová 1999). The type species, Ascochalara gabretae Réblová, was found as a saprobe underneath the bark of Abies alba, which is barely decomposed (Réblová 1999).  Conidiophores are dematiaceous hyphomycetes, macronematous, manonematous, unbranched, and erect, with phialide terminals that are paler than the base. The collarette is subhyaline to hyaline and cylindrical. Conidia are subcylindrical to wedge-shaped, forming short or long chains [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 154, Ascochytites (Fossil Fungi)    Ascochytites Barlinge & Paradkar. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Botryosphaeriaceae, Botryosphaeriales, Ascomycota, Dothideomycetes, Fungi. Ascochytites was initially introduced Teterevnikova-Babaian & Taslakhchian (1973); however, its validity was compromised at that time due to a lack of illustration of the spores. Barlinge & Paradkar (1982) probably were not aware of this earlier publication when they proposed Ascochytites as a new genus, with A. intertrappeus as its type (Kalgutkar & Jansonius 2000). The monotypic fossil genus, Ascochytites, was described from the Deccan Intertrappean Series (Late Cretaceous, 75–66 mya) of Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The genus is a saprophytic sphaeropsidaceous fungus with ostiolate pycnidia; hyphae septate, branched; conidiospores small (Saxena & Tripathi 2011). Two species are included in Index [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 84 Asterosporium   Asterosporium Kunze Citation when using this entry: Senanayake et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Diaporthomycetidae. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Asterosporium was introduced by Kunze (1819) based on A. hoffmannii Pers. Hughes (1958), regarded Stilbospora asterosperma Pers. as the older name for this taxon based on morphology. Thus, a new combination, Asterosporium asterospermum (Pers.) S. Hughes was proposed. Further, A. asterospermum and A. hoffmannii are phylogenetically identical according to molecular analysis (Hyde et al. 2020). Asterosporium species were previously assigned to Sordariomycetes genera incertae sedis based on molecular phylogeny (Tanaka et al. 2010). However, Wijayawardene et al. (2016) showed that Asterosporium species are related to Diaporthales based on a combined ITS and LSU sequence analyses and they placed the genus in Diaporthales genera incertae sedis (Norphanphoun et al. 2016, Jayawardena et al. [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 215, Asyregraamspora (Fossil Fungi)   Asyregraamspora Sal.-Cheb. & Locq.  Citation when using this entry: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep). – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1              Classification: Fossil Fungi, Incertae sedis The monotypic fossil genus Asyregraamspora, was described by Salard-Cheboldaeff & Locquin in 1980 from the Early Miocene sediments of the Cameroon, Coast of Equatorial Africa, Gulf of Guinea. Asyregraamspora is characterized by slightly asymmetrical and more or less reticulate amerospores. The particle size was approximately 20 μm × 15 μm. Jansonius & Hills (1981) corrected the spelling of the type species from “Asyreamspora reticulata” (as given in the protologue by Salard-Cheboldaeff & Locquin 1980, p. 185) to Asyregraamspora reticulata (as per spelling of the generic name used by Salard-Cheboldaeff [...]

 Fungalpedia – Note 292, Atractospora   Atractospora Réblová & J. Fourn. Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Atractosporaceae, Atractosporales, Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Réblová et al. (2016) established Atractospora based on LSU, SSU and rpb2 sequence data. In their phylogenetic analysis Atractospora species were nested within Sordariomycetidae without showing affinities to any established order (Réblová et al. 2016). Later, Zhang et al. (2017) introduced Atractosporaceae (and Atractosporales) was to include Atractospora and Rubellisphaeria based on LSU-SSU-ITS-rpb2 phylogenetic analysis by Atractospora is characterized by astromatic, perithecial ascomata that are immersed to semi-immersed in the decaying wood. Ascomata are horizontally positioned on the host, dark brown, subglobose to conical, and have a lateral neck and a periphysate ostiole. Ascomatal wall is two-layered and leathery to fragile. Asci lying [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 272, Aureovirgo   Aureovirgo J.A. van der Linde, Z.W. de Beer & Jol. Roux Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Classification: Ophiostomataceae, Ophiostomatales, Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi van der Linde et al. (2016) introduced the monotypic genus Aureovirgo to accommodate A. volantis, based on ITS, LSU, and tub2 markers. Aureovirgo volantis associated with Cyrtogenius africus galleries in diseased Euphorbia ingens (van der Linde et al. 2016). Bases of immature ascomata are honeycolored and become fuscous when mature with dark necks. Ostiolar hyphae are hyaline. Ascospores are allantoid that have ellipsoidal sheaths. Aureovirgo forms a leptographium-like asexual morph. Conidiophores are mononematous and hyaline, with a simple and cylindrical stipe. Conidia are oblong-elliptical and oval ovate (van der Linde et [...]