FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia - Note 481, Rubroboletus    Rubroboletus Kuan Zhao et Zhu L.Yang Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Macrofungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Boletaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi. Rubroboletus, a new genus, emerged to accommodate Boletus sinicus (current name: Rubroboletus sinicus) and its allies based on the phylogenetic analysis of ITS and combined datasets of LSU, tef1-α, rpb1, and rpb2 sequences (Zhao et al. 2014). Rubroboletus can be distinguished from the other genera in Boletaceae by the combination of a reddish pileal surface, an orange-red to blood-red surface of the hymenophore, yellow tubes, pink to red reticula or spots on the yellow background of the stipe, a bluish color change when injured, a non-amyloid context, smooth spores that are olive brown, and an interwoven trichodermal pileipellis. Molecular studies, along with morphological features, have confirmed that they [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 136 Russula   Russula Pers. Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (in prep) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Russulales, Russulaceae The family Russulaceae is a diverse group of agaricoid mushrooms, and the genus Russula is one of the most prominent members of this family. In "Observationes Mycologicae," C.H. Persoon first circumscribed the genus and identified key traits such as the fleshy nature of the basidiomata, the sunken pileus, and the uniform lamellae arrangement as defining characteristics (Persoon 1796). Russula is one of the most taxonomically diverse and commonly encountered ectomycorrhizal mushrooms (Kalichman et al. 2020) thriving across diverse environments from arctic tundra to tropical rainforests (Looney et al. 2018). Commonly known as “brittle gills” (Marley 2010), this genus has been extensively studied [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 60 Salmacisia   Salmacisia D.R. Huff & Amb. Chandra Citation if using this entry Noorabadi MT et al. (2023) New genera in 2008-2009. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Based on phylogenies of LSU sequences using maximum parsimony and maximum likelihood analyses, Chandra &Huff (2008) introduced Salmacisia as a monotypic genus within Tilletiaceae, Tilletiales in Exobasidiomycetes with the type species Salmacisia buchloeana (Kellerman & Swingle) D.R. Huff & Amb. Chandra. The species had initially been described as Tilletia buchloëana by Kellerman & Swingle (1889). This pathogenic species infects buffalo grass (Bouteloua dactyloides) causing pistil smut and parasitic-induced hermaphroditism (Huff & Chandra 2008). It is the only species in the order Tilletiales known to have hermaphroditic effects (Chandra & Huff 2008). Type species: Salmacisia buchloeana (Kellerm. & Swingle) D.R. Huff & Amb. Chandra Fig. 1 – Stages of pistil smut life-cycle in vitro and in vivo (redrawn [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 82 Sanchytriomycota   Sanchytriomycota Galindo, López-García, Torruella, Karpov & Moreira Citation when using this entry: Wijayawardene et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, taxa of the basal fungi and fungus-like organisms. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Sanchytrids are obligate parasitoids of freshwater algae and superficially resemble Chytridiomycetes. They have a rounded to elongated anatropous sporangium and unusual amoeboid zoospores with filopodia and posterior pseudocilium (reduced immotile flagellum). Currently, the phylum Sanchytriomycota comprises a single class (Sanchytriomycetes), one order (Sanchytriales) and one family (Sanchytriaceae). Two monotypic genera have been placed in Sanchytriomycota viz., Sanchytrium Karpov et al 2017 (type: Sanchytrium tribonematis fide Karpov et al. 2017) and Amoeboradix Karpov et al. (2017) (type species: Amoeboradix gromovii fide Karpov et al. 2018). However, Amoeboradix and Amoeboradix gromovii were invalid (Art. F.5.1, Shenzhen) but validated in Index Fungorum (2020). Both Amoeboradix and Sanchytrium are closely related and formed [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 114 Savitreea   Savitreea Sakpuntoon, Angchuan, Boonmak, Khunnamw., N. Jacques, Grondin, Casareg. & Srisuk Citation when using this entry: Linn et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, genera described in the order Saccharomycetales Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, TheYeasts, Fig 1. Savitreea was introduced with S. pentosicarens as the type species using morphology, ecological evidence, and phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, tef, and rpb2 data (Sakpuntoonm et al. 2020). A polyphasic approach is recommended as using only morphological characters for yeast identification can lead to misidentification due to similar morphological characters (Lücking et al. 2020). Savitreea pentosicarens was isolated from a grease sample in Thailand and as an isolate from the ‘Montagne des Singes’ path in French Guiana (Jacques et al. 2019, Sakpuntoonm et al. 2020). Savitreea is classified in the family Saccharomycetaceae (Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetes) [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 140 Savoronala   Savoronala Ertz, Eb. Fisch., Killmann, Razafindr. & Sérus Citation if using this entry: Tarafder et al. in prep – New genera in 2013. Mycosphere Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Classification: Malmideaceae, Lecanorales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota   Savoronala was introduced by Ertz et al. (2013) with type species Savoronala madagascariensis based on assessments of morphology and phylogenetic analysis of combined LSU and SSU sequence data. Savoronala belongs to the family Malmideaceae (Lecanorales) and is sister to Malmidea and Lecidea but do not share noticeable morphological similarities (Lucia et al. 2017). Savoronala was reported from Madagascar on the base of a stem of Erica sp. (Ertz et al. 2013). Species of this lichenized hyphomycete genus are characterized by an adnate small pale glaucous placodioid thallus, erect stipes producing sporodochia at the apex, [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 46 Scheffersomyces   Scheffersomyces Kurtzman & M. Suzuki Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (2023) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig1 Scheffersomyces was proposed by Kurtzman and Suzuki (2010) in Debaryomycetaceae (Saccharomycetales) to accommodate d-xylose-fermenting species in the Pichia stipitis clade as new combinations, including the type species Scheffersomyces stipitis (Basionym: Pichia stipitis), Scheffersomyces segobiensis (Basionym: Pichia segobiensis), and Scheffersomyces spartiniae (Basionym: Pichia spartinae). Numerous new species and combinations including S. cryptocerci, S. parashehatae, S. titanus, S. xylosifermentans, and S. anoplophorae in wood-ingesting insects were introduced for this genus (Suh et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2016; Jia et al. 2020). Also, in rotting wood several other species like S. amazonensis, S. virginianus, S. illinoinensis, S. quercinus, S. ergatensis, S. henanensis, S. stambukii, S. paraergatensis, and S. jinghongensis were proposed (Urbina & Blackwell 2012; Lopes et al. 2018; Jia et al. 2020). A combination of morphological, physiological, and phylogenetic (based on the divergent domains of the large subunit (D1/D2) and ITS) characteristics has been used to [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 70 Scleroderma   Scleroderma Pers. Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep)   Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Scleroderma Pers. (Sclerodermataceae, Boletales) described by Persoon (1801) is an easily recognizable, common, and widespread gasteroid genus. The members of this genus produce the visible basidiocarps commonly known as “earthballs” among the grasses, leaf litter, or soil around or in forested areas (Jeffries 1999). Scleroderma typified by S. verrucosum (Bull.) Pers., has a typical round-shaped, leathery textured, and brownish-coloured basidiocarp with smooth or warted, outer wall or peridium. The peridium on maturity becomes quite dry and irregularly cracks to expose the underneath gleba. The basidiospores produced in peridioles disperse through these cracks as a powdery mass (Jeffries 1999). Since Guzman’s (1970) monographic study on the genus [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 536, Scythioria    Scythioria S.Y. Kondr., Kärnefelt, Elix, A. Thell & Hur Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Teloschistaceae, Teloschistales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Kondratyuk et al. (2014) re-analyzed the phylogeny of the subfamily Xanthorioideae (Teloschistaceae) and introduced Scythioria as a new genus to accommodate the taxa Scythioria phlogina, which as the type species, based on ITS, LSU and mtSSU sequences. Kondratyuk et al. (2015) again described the species of Scythioria by transferring known species Caloplaca durietzii and C. flavogranulosa to Scythioria, based on ITS and LSU nrDNA and 12S SSU mtDNA sequences analyses. Currently, the genus Scythioria is characterized by crustose, areolate to endophloeic or endolithic, abundantly soredious, with or without anthraquinones thallus, paraplectenchymatous and usually poorly formed cortical [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 144 Serpula   Serpula (Pers.) Gray   Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1. Mycosphere Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Serpulaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi The term “Serpula” was initially regarded as a section (Merulius sect. Serpula Pers.) under another genus Merulius Fr. by C.H. Persoon (1801). Later, Gray (1821) recognized Serpula as a separate genus. Nevertheless, there has consistently been a debate regarding the taxonomic classification of Serpula. After studying various series of specimens of Merulius (as defined by Fries and Burt), Cooke (1943) concluded the generic level of Serpula based on S. lacrymans (Wulfen) J. Schröt. that would encompass species with dark-colored basidiospores.  The members of this genus are characterized by resupinate, rarely pileate, fleshy or sometimes floccose, membranous, generally dark-brown basidiomata [...]