FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 177 Kalviwadithyrites (Fossil Fungi)   Kalviwadithyrites Rao in Saxena.  Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fossil Fungi. The monotypic fossil genus Kalviwadithyrites was instituted by Rao (2003) based on specimens from the Sindhudurg Formation (Miocene, 23–5 mya) in Kalviwadi, Sindhudurg District, Maharashtra, India. However, Rao (2003) failed to validly publish the generic name Kalviwadithyrites, because he did not include information on where the holotype of its type species was stored (Turland et al. 2018: Art. 40.7). Subsequently, Saxena (2012) validated Kalviwadithyrites and its type species by providing the missing validation information. Kalviwadithyrites is characterized by a subcircular to circular, dimidiate, and non-ostiolate cleistothecium. Two types of non-porate cells are present: marginal cells are rectangular to polygonal, larger [...]

  Fungalpedia – Note 316, Kastanostachys   Kastanostachys L. Lombard & Crous Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi             Considering the ascomatal morphology Réblová (1998) transferred Melanomma aterrima to Chaetosphaeria (Chaetosphaeriaceae) by providing new name combination, Chaetosphaeria aterrima. Later, Lombard et al. (2016) established the monotypic genus Kastanostachys in Stachybotryaceae for Chaetosphaeria aterrima, based on the phylogenetic inference of cmdA, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 markers. Kastanostachys is characterized by perithecial ascomata that are superficial on the substrate with a slightly immersed base and arranged solitarily or in groups of 2–4. Ascomata are globose to subglobose, black, glabrous, ostiolate, papillate. They possess conidiophores comparable to those emerging from substrates. The peridium consists [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 300, Katherinomyces   Katherinomyces Khodos Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Incertae sedis, Incertae sedis, Incertae sedis, Incertae sedis, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Katherinomyces cetrariae is a lichenicolous species associated with Cetraria aculeate (Khodosovtsev et al. 2016). Khodosovtsev et al. (2016) incorrectly published the names Katherinomyces and K. cetrariae since the provided MycoBank identifier was for the genus and no identifier had been obtained for the species. Later, Khodosovtsev et al. (2018) validated the names by providing MycoBank identifiers for the species and the genus. The genus is characterized by light brownish, immersed vegetative hyphae. Conidiomata are stromatic with brownish walls. Conidiophores are brown, short and poorly developed. Conidiogenous cells are broadly ellipsoid, bacilliform or [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 178, Koshalia (Fossil Fungi)   Koshalia S. Sarkar & V. Prasad. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD in prep – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1             Classification: Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fossil Fungi. The monotypic fossil genus Koshalia was described from the Subathu Formation (Late Ypresian, 56–52 mya) at Koshalia Nala near Koti, Shimla Hills, Himachal Pradesh, India (Sarkar & Prasad 2003). This genus is characterized by subspherical and multilayered thyriothecia (9–10 cells arranged in compact rings around an ostiole). Marginal cells are extremely large, while inner cells are small and subcircular. Only one species listed in Index Fungorum (2023) under this genus. Type species: Koshalia enigmata  S. Sarkar, and V. Prasad.     Figure 1 – Koshalia enigmata. Scale bar = 20 μm. Redrawn from Sarkar & Prasad (2003). [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 240, Kumarisporites (Fossil Fungi)   Kumarisporites Kalgutkar & Janson. Citation when using this entry: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Fossil Ascomycota, Incertae sedis, Fungi The monotypic fossil genus, Kumarisporites, was instituted by Kalgutkar & Jansonius (2000) to accommodate Imprimospora ramanujamii, originally described by Kumar (1990), from the Quilon Beds (Early-Middle Miocene, 23–12 mya) of clay mine section near Kanjantheria House, Padappakkara, Kollam District, Kerala, India. The genus includes small to medium-sized (32–40 × 18–21 μm), tricellate, inaperturate and fusiform fungal spores. Central cell (11–13 × 16–19 μm) may be larger than the tapering terminal cells (9–10 μm long) which have narrowly rounded ends. The septa (or septal bases) thicker (1.6–2 μm thick) than spore wall, with or without a central pore. [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 201, Laccaria    Laccaria Berk. & Broome   Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1. Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Hydnangiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi. Laccaria is a cosmopolitan and species-rich genus of the Agaricales. The distribution of the members of this genus has mostly been recorded from tropical to temperate areas (Mueller 1992, Kropp & Mueller 1999, Osmundson et al. 2005, Wilson et al. 2013, Popa et al. 2014), forming an ectomycorrhizal association with Betulaceae, Fagaceae, Myrtaceae, Pinaceae, and Salicaceae (Cho et al. 2018). Laccaria species are frequently employed as experimental models for researching ectomycorrhizal basidiomycetes due to their capacity for vegetative growth and germination from basidiospores in controlled environments (Podila et al. 2002). Particularly two species of Laccaria, namely L. bicolor (Maire) P.D. Orton and L. amethystina [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 51 Lactarius   Lactarius Pers.  Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1   Described first time in Europe by Christian Hendrik Persoon (1797), Lactarius (Russulaceae, Russulales) is one of the most dominant ectomycorrhizal mushrooms in the subtropical to subtemperate forests playing a very significant ecological role in the terrestrial ecosystem. ‘Lac’ in Lactarius signify ‘milk’ in the Italian language, hence the genera’s naming due to the exudation of “milk” or latex when injured or bruised (Persoon 1797). Commonly, they are collectively called “milk caps”. The latex in Lactarius is contained in microscopic lactiferous hyphae which ramify and emerges to the hymenium without any septum forming pseudocystidia (Hesler & Smith 1979, Heilmann-Clausen et al. 1998). The genus has typical fleshy basidiomata with funnel to convex-shaped pileus [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 50 Lactifluus   Lactifluus (Pers.) Roussel Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1   Persoon (1800) originally presented the name Lactifluus as a section under Agaricus. After Buyck et al. (2008) marked the revolutionary alterations in the generic concept of Russulaceae based on nrITS, nrLSU and rpb2 sequence data, the species belonging to the some of the pre-existing subgenera of the genus Lactarius [L. subg. Gerardii Stubbe, L. subg. Lactifluus (Burl.) Hesler & A.H. Sm., L. subg. Lactariopsis (Henn.) R. Heim, L. subg. Russulopsis Verbeken, L. sect. Edules Verbeken and L. sect. Panuoidei Singer] are now treated under the name, Lactifluus which was raised at the generic level (Buyck et al. 2008, 2010). Lactifluus volemus (Fr.) Kuntze is the type species. Thereafter, Verbeken et al. (2011, 2012a, b) and Stubbe et al. (2010, 2012) [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 76 Laeticutis   Laeticutis Audet Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (in prep). New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Figs 1, 2. Laeticutis was established by Audet (2010) in Russulales incertae sedis being segregated from Scutiger Paulet based on morphological characters and LSU rRNA sequence data. The genus is a monotypic ectomycorrhizal fungus, that accommodates the single species Laeticutis cristata (Schaeff.) Audet (synonyms: Albatrellus cristatus (Schaeff.) Kotl. & Pouzar). Laeticutis cristata has variable colors (pale olive-green to olive-brown, sometimes yellow in the center) and an uncharacteristic odor with a mild taste. It has a rimose or splitting, thick or thinner, smooth to cracked cap with central to the eccentric stipe. The context is single-layered, and white. The hymenophore is porous, white to olive. It has a monomitic hyphal system in the context and sometimes in the hymenophore. Basidia are long clavate. Spores are ellipsoidal to sub-spheroidal, [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 398, Lapidomyces   Lapidomyces de Hoog & Stielow  Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Rock-inhabiting fungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Incertae sedis, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Lapidomyces was first established by Egidi et al. (2014) to accommodate L. hispanicus. Through multigene phylogenetic analysis, Egidi et al. (2014) identified Lapidomyces within Teratosphaeriaceae. Initially, the generic name Lapidomyces was considered invalid under Article 40.7 (Shenzhen) of the nomenclatural rules, as introduced by Egidi et al. (2014). This issue was later rectified by Crous et al. (2019), who published Lapidomyces as a valid established name. Lapidomyces has been described as a genus of sterile rock-inhabiting fungi that exhibit hyphomycetous characteristics (Egidi et al. 2014, Crous et al. 2019). Crous et al. (2021) expanded this [...]