FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia - Note 52 Hydnum   Hydnum L. Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1   The genus Hydnum has been quite popular in ethnomycological uses for centuries and often commonly being called “hedgehogs,” “sweet tooth,” or “wood urchins” (Niskanen et al. 2018). In accordance with the Linnean concept, all the mushrooms with spinose hymenophore were once accommodated under Hydnum which subsequently reflects the more than 900 names attributed to the genus as per Index Fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org) (Swenie et al. 2018). However, Hibbet et al. (1997) through molecular phylogeny revealed that the character spinose hymenophore has independently evolved multiple times in the distantly related taxa, and thus most of the misidentified species were moved to other genera later on (Swenie et al. 2018). [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 366, Hyphopeziza   Hyphopeziza J.G. Han, Hosoya & H.D. Shin Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Hyaloscyphaceae, Helotiales, Leotiomycetidae, Leotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Hyphopeziza (Hyaloscyphaceae) was established by Han et al. (2014) with containing only the type species Hyphopeziza pygmaea. Previous studies have identified Hyphopeziza pygmaea as Unguicularia pygmaea and Hyaloscypha subtilis var. Drupacea, but Han et al. (2014) re-identified them as the type species of the new genus Hyphopeziza based on morphological characteristics comparison coupled with LSU-ITS multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Hyphopeziza was characterized by having superficial apothecia, gregarious and broadly sessile; flat to slightly convex, Initially cup-shaped, the receptacle becomes discoid, externally covered with white to grayish hairs; ectal excipulum is composed of thin-walled, globose to isodiametric cells that range in color from hyaline to pale brown, thicken toward the base; hairs are cylindric-conical [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 96 Hypomyces   Hypomyces (Fr.) Tul. & C. Tul. Citation when using this entry: Gajanayake et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, fungicolous fungi. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Hypomyces (Hypocreaceae, Hypocreales) was originally considered as a subgenus of Hypocrea Fr. by Fries (1825), but later it was raised to genus rank by Tulasne & Tulasne (1860). Hypomyces lactifluorum (Schwein.) Tul. & C. Tul. which was originally discovered on Agaricus lactifluus, collected from the USA, was designated as the type species of Hypomyces. Arnold (1971) conducted the first comprehensive taxonomic study for Hypomyces and differentiated it from the closely related Arachnocrea, Apiocrea, and Peckiella. Thereafter, several studies on Hypomyces were conducted (Rogerson & Samuels 1985, 1989, 1993, 1994; Põldmaa 1996, 2003, 2011; Põldmaa et al. 1997, 2000). Accordingly, a link between asexual morphs of Hypomyces and Cladobotryum was revealed based on morphology and phylogeny (Rogerson & Samuels [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 2 Imaia   Imaia Kovács &Trappe Citation if using this entry: Noorabadi MT & Hyde KD (2023) New genera in 2008. Mycosphere (in press) Index Fungorum Identifier 512081, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Figs 1, 2. Imaia (Morchellaceae, Pezizales ) was introduced by Kovács et al.(2008) as a monotypic genus, to accommodate the type species Imaia gigantea (S. Imai)  Kovács & Trappe (= Terfezia gigantea Imai). Imaia gigantea was originally collected from the soil of woodland in Japan, thus it is probably a saprobe. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU, ITS and LSU sequence data revealed that Terfezia. gigantea formed a clade distinct from other genera in Pezizaceae, and Terfezia gigantea was placed in Morchellaceae (Kovács et al. 2008). Based on morphological characters and phylogenetic analyses, Terfezia gigantea represented a new phylogenetic line and was sufficiently different from other taxa within Pezizaceae to introduce new genus Imaia (Kovács et al. 2008)    [...]

Fungalpedia – Notes 235, Immersidiscosia   Immersidiscosia Kaz. Tanaka, Okane & Hosoya Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Citation when using this entry: Li et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Xylariomycetidae.  Classification: Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. Immersidiscosia, a coelomycetous genus, was established by Tanaka et al. (2011) with I. eucalypti as the type species based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses of combined SSU, LSU, ITS, and tub sequence data. It was reported as saprobe isolated from dead leaves of Laurus nobilis (Lauraceae) in France, dead leaves of Ardisia japonica (Primulaceae) and Quercus myrsinifolia (Fagaceae) in Japan and dead leaves of Eucalyptus sp. (Myrtaceae) in Tunisia (Tanaka et al. 2011). This genus is characterized by deeply immersed, scattered, unilocular, pycnidial conidiomata that are intraepidermal to subepidermal in origin, with a conidiomatal beak having periphyses and cylindrical, 3-septate, hyaline, with an appendage at both ends (Tanaka et al. 2011). Immersidiscosia is [...]

  Fungalpedia – Note 315, Inaequalispora   Inaequalispora L. Lombard & Crous  Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.             Lombard et al. (2016) introduced Inaequalispora based on Myrothecium prestonii, which clustered distant to the Myrothecium s.str. clade in the analysis of cmdA, ITS, rpb2, and tub2 loci. Subsequently another two species were added to the genus (Lombard et al. 2016; Gordillo & Decock 2017). Inaequalispora species produce sporodochial conidiomata that are stromatic, superficial, and scattered or gregarious on substrates. Sporodochia are orbicular or irregular in shape with a white setose fringe encircle an olivaceous green to dark green slimy mass of conidia. The stroma is weakly developed and hyaline with an [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 342, Incertisporites (Fossil fungi)   Incertisporites Hammen 1954. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Fossil Fungi, Incertae sedis, Amerosporae. The monotypic fossil genus Incertisporite was instituted by Hammen (1954) from the Maastrichtian (72–66 mya) sediments of the Magdalena Valley, Eastern Cordillera, Colombia, South America. Incertisporite includes fungal spores of indefinite type. Type species: Incertisporites polygranulatus Hammen 1954.     Figure 1 – Incertisporites polygranulatus. Scale bar = 20 μm. Redrawn from Van der Hammen (1954).   References Van der Hammen T. 1954 – El desarrollo de la flora Colombiana en los periodos geologicos–1. Maestrichtiano hasta Terciaro mas inferior (Una investigacion Palinologica de la formacion de Guaduas y equivalentes). Boletin Geologico (Bogota) 2(1), 49–106.   Entry by Ramesh K. Saxena, Birbal [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 255, Involutisporonites (Fossil Fungi)   Involutisporonites R.T. Clarke.  Citation when using this entry: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Fossil Fungi, Incertae sedis The monotypic fossil genus Involutisporonites was instituted by Clarke (1965) from the Late Cretaceous (100–66 mya) sediments of Canon City Coalfield, Fremont County, Colorado, USA. The genus accommodates planispiral fungal spores having lobate individual cells and simple septa with an opening through each septum. Elsik (1968) emended the generic diagnosis to include monoporate, psilate, multiseptate, coiled fungal spores. Kalgutkar & Jansonius (2000) proposed an elaborated emended diagnosis to include coiled, transversely septate and multicellate, fungal spores. Individual cells (8-10 µm in diameter) are of variable shapes. Septal pores may or may not be present. Terminal cell, if [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 111 Juxtiphoma   Juxtiphoma Valenzuela-Lopez, Cano, Crous, Guarro & Stchigel Citation when using this entry: Yasanthika et al., in prep – Genera of soil fungi. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1, 2. Juxtiphoma (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) was introduced by Valenzuela-Lopez et al. (2018) with the type species J. eupyrena (≡ Phoma eupyrena) based on multigene phylogeny (LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2) and morphological support. Three species have been accepted in this genus (Index Fungorum 2023). The asexual morph is characterized by brown pycnidial conidiomata with a wall of cells of textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells are phialidic, hyaline and ampulliform forming aseptate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled, ovoid, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, biguttulate conidia. The sexual morph is undetermined (Domsch et al. 1993). Juxtiphoma is characterized by chlamydospores which are important for isolating species from soil particles. They are aseptate, ochraceous-brown, single or in chains, subglobose, barrel-shaped [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 56 Kalapuya   Kalapuya M.J. Trappe, Trappe & Bonito Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (2023) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. The monotypic truffle genus Kalapuya was described by Trappe et al. (2010) in Morchellaceae (Pezizales). The genus was known only from the Pacific northwestern United States with Kalapuya brunnea, as the type species. It was found in Douglas-fir forests on the west slope of the Cascade Range in Oregon and in the Coastal Ranges of Oregon and northern California. It features a firm whitish gleba with a roughened, warty, reddish brown to brown peridium. As the spores mature, the gleba acquires grayish-brown mottling and has a cheesy-garlicky odor. The spores are ellipsoid and smooth, similar to Morchella spp. Asci are ellipsoid to globose, nonamyloid, with a forked base, and contain 6–8 [...]