FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 213, Diporisporites (Fossil Fungi)   Diporisporites Hammen 1954a. Citation when using this entry: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Amerosporae, Fossil Fungi Van der Hammen (1954a) instituted the genus Diporisporites from the Maastrichtian (72–66 mya) sediments of Eastern Cordilleras, Colombia, with the following short diagnosis: Fungal spores “with two small pores” (vide Jansonius & Hills 1976, card 810). Elsik (1968) provided an elaborate, emended generic diagnosis to include unicellate, diporate fungal spores with one pore on each opposite end of the spore. Pores may be modified, i.e., with atrium, annulus, or septum forming a pore chamber—shape and ornamentation variable. Type species: Diporisporites elongatus Hammen 1954a (designated by van der Hammen 1954b).     Figure 1 – Diporisporites elongatus Hammen. Scale bar = 10 μm. Redrawn from van der Hammen (1954a). [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 275, Distoseptispora   Distoseptispora K.D. Hyde, McKenzie & Maharachch. Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Distoseptisporaceae, Distoseptisporales, Incertae sedis, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Distoseptispora, a sporidesmium-like hyphomycetous genus, was introduced by Su et al. (2016) based on the LSU-SSU-ITS phylogeny. The genus accommodates D. fluminicola as the type species. The generic concept of Distoseptispora was emended by Yang et al. (2018). Distoseptispora is characterized by superficial, effuse, hairy, or velvety black colonies on the substratum. The mycelium is mostly immersed and composed of branched, septate, smooth-walled, and pale brown hyphae. Macronematous mononematous conidiophores occur either singly or in groups. They are unbranched, septate, erect, straight or flexuous, smooth-walled, olivaceous to brown, cylindrical, and robust at [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 218, Diversimediispora   Diversimediispora F. Liu, L. Cai & Crous. Citation when using this entry: Li et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Xylariomycetidae.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Sporocadaceae, Amphisphaeriales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Diversimediispora was established by Liu et al. (2019), based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, ITS, tub2, tef1-α, and rpb2 sequence data. The type species D. humicola was isolated from soil in the USA. Diversimediispora has discrete cylindrical or ampulliform, colorless, smooth conidiogenous cells. The conidia were fusoid euseptate with basal obconic cells, trapezoid doliiform median cells, and conic apical cell-bearing thin-walled, colorless appendages. Diversimediispora produces conidia with versicolourous median cells, where the second and third cells (from the apex) are darker, distinguishing it from other genera in Sporocadaceae. No additional species have been introduced since [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 193, Dyadosporites (Fossil Fungi)   Dyadosporites Clarke Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Didymosporae, Fossil Fungi. Clarke (1965) described the monotypic fossil genus, Dyadosporites, from Late Cretaceous (100–66 mya) sediments in the Canon City Coalfield, Fremont County, Colorado, U.S.A. According to the original diagnosis, this genus includes bilocular (didymosporous) elliptical spores having a simple central septum, psilate to finely punctate spore wall, and a single pore at the apex of each cell. Kalgutkar & Jansonius (2000) emended the generic diagnosis to include dicellate fungal spores of various shapes and having psilate to variously sculptured spore walls. The generic name Dyadosporites first appeared in van der Hammen (1954) with D. umeriensis as its type. The diagnosis for D. umeriensis has never been published; therefore, the [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 371, Ebullia   Ebullia K.L. Pang Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi; MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Incertae sedis, Halosphaeriales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Based on phylogenies of LSU and SSU analyses and morphological studies, Chu et al. (2015) established Ebullia to accommodate the type species Ebullia octonae (=Nimbospora octonae). Ebullia octonae differ from Nimbospora effusa and N. bipolaris by their thick peridium, and ascospores that lack equatorial tufts of appendages but possess polar and equatorial subulate appendages after the sheath is dissolved (Chu et al. 2015). Ebullia is characterized by subglobose to ampulliform ascomata, immersed, ostiolate, with long necks, periphysate, eight-spored asci, clavate, ellipsoidal ascospores, hyaline, one-septate, not or slightly constricted at the septum, with a gelatinous sheath and one similar appendage at each end, swells in water (Chu et al. 2015). No other [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 151 Echinoderma   Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) Bon Citation if using this entry: Sysouphanthong et al. (in prep) – Fungalpedia Basidiomycota 3. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Figs 1–2 Classification:  Fungi, Basidiomycota, Agaricomycotina, Agaricomycetes, Agaricales, Agaricaceae. Bon (1981) placed Echinoderma in Cystolepiota Singer, and there were two subgenera which were C. subgen. Cystolepiota singer and C. subgen. Echinoderma Locq. ex Bon. Later, Echinoderma was separated to be independent genus by Bon (1991), two sections were included [sects. Echinoderma (Locq. ex Bon) Bon and Eriophora Bon], and Lepiota aspera (Pers.) Quél. [= Echinoderma asperum (Pers.) Bon] was the type species of sect. Echinoderma while Lepiota eriophora Peck [=  Cystolepiota eriophora (Peck) Knudsen] was the type species of sect. Eriophora. Species in Echinoderma are saprotrophic and terrestrial on soil, and characterized by lepiotoid basidiomata, covered with squamulose or pyramidal scales on pileus and erected with hymenodermal structure, dextrinoid basidiospores, and presence of clamp connections (Candusso [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 236, Echinophallus   Echinophallus Henn.             Citation if using this entry: Khyaju et al. 2025 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota. Index Fungorum, Mycobank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig.1 Classification: Phallaceae, Phallales, Phallomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi             Echinophallus is a genus within the Phallaceae family. Echinophallus was established by Hennings (1898) to accommodate the terrestrial fungus, Echinophallus lauterbachii (He et al. 2019). Echinophallus is regarded as a phalloid and monotypic genus that is distinctive in bears spinulose volva and unextended stipes (Kobayasi 1937). Morphologically, Echinophallus exhibits a primitive type because the basidiomata remains an egg, even at maturity (Kobayasi 1937). Index Fungorum (2024) reports a total of three records of Echinophallus, whereas Wijayawardene et al. (2022) accepted only one species.              Type species: Echinophallus lauterbachii (Henn.) Henn. Basionym: Ithyphallus lauterbachii Henn. Figure 1− Echinophallus lauterbachii. a [...]

Fungalpedia -Note 16 Echinusitheca   Echinusitheca Y. Marín, Stchigel, Dania García, Guarro, A.N. Mill. & Cano Index Fungorum number: IF 812084; Facesoffungi number: FoF 10515; Fig. 1 Marin-Felix et al. (2018) introduced Echinusitheca with E. citrispora as the type species based on the combined ITS, LSU, act and tef1 sequences. This species was discovered as a saprobe from soil in the United States (Marin-Felix et al. 2018). Echinusitheca belongs to Ceratostomataceae (= Melanosporaceae) in Coronophorales, Sordariomycetes (Hyde et al. 2020, Wijayawardene et al. 2022). This genus is characterised by having dark, strongly setose, non ostiolate ascomata, globose to subglobose, non-sitipitate asci lacking apical structures, and aseptate smooth-walled ascospores with a depressed germ pore at each end (Marin-Felix et al. 2018). Echinusitheca is morphologically similar to Arxiomyces and Scopinella by having dark semi-translucent ascomata (Marin-Felix et al. 2018). However, both [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 74 Elongaticonidia   Elongaticonidia W.J. Li, E. Campores & K.D. Hyde Citation when using this data: Huanraluek et al. (in prep), Fungalpedia, coelomycetes Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Coleomycetes.org, Fig1. Elongaticonidia was introduced as a saprobe on dead spines of Rosa canina from Italy (Li et al. 2020), and is a monotypic genus until today. Phylogenetic analyses based on LSU sequence data showed that Elongaticonidia is closer to Mulderomyces, but it formed a separate branch in Ostropales (Lecanoromycetes) (Li et al. 2020, Wijayawardene et al. 2021). Conidiomata are black, pycnidial, solitary to gregarious, subepidermal, immersed, globose to subglobose and ostiolate. Ostioles are short and centrally located. The conidiomata wall is composed of thick-walled, dark brown to brown cells of textura angularis. The conidiophores are reduced to conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells form from the inner layer of the conidiomata, are pale brown to hyaline, holothallic, [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 186, Elsikisporonites (Fossil fungi)   Elsikisporonites Kumar  Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. (2024) in prep – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Helicosporae, Fossil Fungi.  Kumar (1990) described the monotypic fossil genus, Elsikisporonites, from the Quilon Beds (Early-Middle Miocene, 23–11.6 mya) located in Kollam District, Kerala, India (Locality: Padappakkara) along the west coast of South India. Elsikisporonites is characterized by monoporate, nonseptate, tubular, and coiled spores having nozzle-like pores at the outer end and smooth and hyaline spore walls. Type species: Elsikisporonites tubulatus Kumar 1990.   Figure 1 – Elsikisporonites tubulatus. Scale bar = 10 μm. Redrawn from Kumar (1990).   References Kumar P. 1990 – Fungal remains from the Miocene Quilon Bed of Kerala state, South India. Review of Palaeobotany & Palynology 63, 13–28.   Entry by Ramesh [...]