FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia - Note 472, Paratopeliopsis   Paratopeliopsis Mercado-Díaz, Lücking & Parnmen Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Lichenicolous fungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Graphidaceae, Ostropales, Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Based on the phylogeny of the three combined loci (mtSSU, LSU, and RPB2), Lumbsch et al. (2014) provided an updated phylogeny of the lichenized family Graphidaceae and revealed a new genus Paratopeliopsis belonging to the tribe Thelotremateae. Later, Paratopeliopsis was formally introduced by Mercado-Diaz et al. (2014), with P. caraibica as the type species. Paratopeliopsis caraibica was found in the shaded understory of a Palo Colorado Forest in El Yunque National Forest, growing among mosses on the trunk of Cyrilla racemiflora (Mercado-Diaz et al. 2014). Paratopeliopsis resembles a miniature Topeliopsis but differs in the distinctly farinose thallus [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 72 Paraxerula   Paraxerula R.H. Petersen Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (in prep) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi; MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1  Paraxerula was circumscribed by Petersen & Hughes (2010) in the Physalacriaceae to replace Xerula section Hyalosetae. The genus accommodated Paraxerula caussei, Paraxerula hongoi, and the type species Paraxerula americana. Later, Paraxerula ellipsospora, isolated from southwestern China, was introduced in Paraxerula using both morphological observation and phylogenetic analysis based on nrLSU and ITS sequence data (Qin et al. 2014). The genus members are associated with the saprobic decay of deciduous trees. Paraxerula ellipsospora is only found in Pinus densata and Pinus armandii forests. While Paraxerula americana is usually related to Populus spp. Paraxerula hongoi was reported from Abies and Rhododendron, or mixed hard-woods. Paraxerula caussei is usually found in [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 304, Parengyodontium   Parengyodontium C.C. Tsang, J.F.W. Chan, W.M. Pong, J.H.K. Chen, A.H.Y. Ngan, M. Cheung, C.K.C. Lai, D.N.C. Tsang, S.K.P. Lau & P.C.Y. Woo Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Cordycipitaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Tsang et al. (2016) proposed Parengyodontium for Engyodontium album that formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within Cordycipitaceae in the analysis of ITS-LSU sequences. Furthermore, E. album chemotaxonomically distinct from other species of Engyodontium (Tsang et al. 2016). Parengyodontium is characterized by cobweb-like, white colonies that are lanose to floccose, velvety to downy and do not diffuse pigment. Hyphae are septate. Conidiophores are upright or procumbent and giving rise to several whorls of conidiogenous cells. Conidiogenous cells have [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 189, Parmathyrites (Fossil Fungi)   Parmathyrites K.P. Jain & R.C. Gupta. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1             Classification: Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes, Fossil Ascomycota, Fungi. Jain & Gupta (1970) introduced Parmathyrites from the Miocene (23–5 mya) sediments of Padappakkara, Quilon District, Kerala, India. This genus was characterized by flattened, non-oscillate; circular, one-layer thick ascomata with radially arranged, interconnected hyphae that formed pseudoparenchymatous non-porate cells. The outer peripheral cells are prominent, with thickened radial walls. Spines are peripheral; spine sheath present or absent. Ascospores are unknown. Jain (1974) amended the generic diagnosis to include ostiolate ascomata with distinct ostioles that are not surrounded by specialized cells. Subsequently, Gupta (1994) revised the generic diagnosis to include both ostiolate and non-oscillate ascomata. [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 321, Parvothecium   Parvothecium L. Lombard & Crous Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi             Lombard et al. (2016) established Parvothecium for a single species based on phylogenetic analysis of cmdA, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 loci. The second species was introduced into the genus by Gordillo and Decock (2018). Parvothecium species produce sporodochial conidiomata that are stromatic, superficial, scattered, and rarely gregarious. They are oval or irregular in shape and are surrounded by an olivaceous green to dark green slimy mass of conidia. The stromata are well-developed, hyaline with an angularis texture. The setae are sparse, septate, flexuous, hyaline, thin-walled, and tapered to obtuse [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 467, Paulisebacina   Paulisebacina Oberw., Garnica & K. Riess Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Macrofungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi. Based on the phylogenies of the D1/D2 regions of the LSU sequences obtained using maximum likelihood analysis, Sebacina allantoidea strongly deviates from all other sebacinalean taxa (Oberwinkler et al. 2014). Therefore, a new genus Paulisebacina (Sebacinaceae, Sebacinales, Basidiomycota) was proposed by Oberwinkler et al. (2014) to accommodate S. allantoidea (type species). Sebacina allantoidea, a species with inconspicuous basidiocarps that produce few thin-walled and hyaline substrate hyphae without clamps, and lacks a subhymenium, was isolated as saprobic from the wood and bark of stem bases of ornamental Spiraea sp., this species normally developing in the cold season (Kirschner & Oberwinkler 2002, Oberwinkler et [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 232, Paxillus   Paxillus Fr.  Citation if using this entry: Khyaju et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 4 Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, Mycobank, GenBank, Fig.1 Classification: Paxillaceae, Boletales, Agaricomycetidae, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi Paxillus Fr. was established by Fries (1821). Paxillus species form ectomycorrhizal relationships with a range of host plants and are widely distributed in the northern hemisphere (Vellinga et al. 2012). Currently, Index Fungorum (2023) reports a total of 186 records of Paxillus. However, He et al. (2019) accepted only 19 species within this genus.  Vellinga et al. (2012) reported two main species clusters: Paxillus rubicundulus P.D. Orton related species associated with Alnus hosts, and P. involutus complexes with a range of host trees. Paxillus is characterized by having fleshy fruiting bodies, range from medium to large, and exhibit ochraceous-yellow to chestnut-brown [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 447, Pectenia   Pectenia P.M. Jørg., L. Lindblom, Wedin & S. Ekman Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Lichenicolous fungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Pannariaceae, Peltigerales, Lecanoromycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Based on phylogenetic analyses, Ekman et al. (2014) identified Pectenia spp. based on sect. Amphiloma and P. plumbea was the type species. Pectenia usually carry lichenic substances, which are characterized by blue-grey, thick and rigid, placodioid, orbicular thallus, blue-black, thick, feltlike hypothallus, biatorine apothecia laminal with brown disc and a pale rim, the uppermost part is brown pigment and other part colorless hymenium, clavate to cylindrical asci with an apical dark-amyloid plug, colorless, smooth wall ascospores (Ekman et al. 2014). Four species were included within Pectenia viz: P. atlantica, P. cyanoloma, P. ligulata, and [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 225, Pellucida   Pellucida Dulym., Sivan., P.F. Cannon & Peerally. Citation when using this entry: Li et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia,  Xylariomycetidae.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Hyponectriaceae, Amphisphaeriales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Ascomycota, Fungi. Pellucida was established by Dulymamode et al. (2001) with P. pendulina as the type species based on morphology. The type species was reported as saprobes on the dead fallen decomposing leaves of Pandanus eydouxia in Mauritius (Dulymamode et al. 2001). Pellucida is characterized by immersed, white to buff, soft, pellucid, globose ascomata, without a conspicuous neck. Externally, it is only visible as minute depressed areas in the ostioles. Asci are cylindrical, unitunicate, the apex rounded with a thin J+, apical ring and ascospores are hyaline, filiform, multiseptate, parallel, or helically arranged in the ascus (Dulymamode et al. 2001). Pellucida is a monotypic [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 530, Perplexostereum   Perplexostereum Ryvarden & Tutka Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Macrofungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Incertae sedis, Russulales, Incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi. Ryvarden (2014) described a new genus Perplexostereum to reclassify Stereum endocrocinum and synonymously with Perplexostereum endocrocinum as the type species in Perplexostereum. Morphologically, Perplexostereum endocrocinum was superficially identified by sight, similar to Xylobolus semipileatus, having all the macroscopic characteristics typical for this species, but prominent cystidia, globose amyloid, and ornamented spores under microscopic examination. It is also similar to species of Dichostereum, but all known species of Dichostereum are resupinate (Ryvarden 2014). Currently, Perplexostereum has only one accepted species, and the genus is characterized by a unique combination of a stereoid pileate basidiocarp, tubular cystidia, rounded, ornamented, and amyloid spores (Ryvarden 2014). Type species: Perplexostereum [...]