FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 393, Perusta   Perusta Egidi & Stielow Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Rock-inhabiting fungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Incertae sedis, Capnodiales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. The monotypic genus Perusta was erected by Egidi et al. (2014) and typified with Perusta inaequalis. The concatenated rDNA (18S, 5.8S, 28S) phylogeny formed a stable clade and the genus is characterized by compact, hard, black in reverse colonies, greyish in obverse, not uniform in color, with irregular margins. Hyphae are dark brown, septate, finely guttulate, with thick walls, consisting of round and chained cells with lateral germination with semi-macronematous conidiophores and intercalary conidiogenous cells with catenate conidia. Perusta, erected by Egidi et al. (2014), is an invalidated taxon under Nom. inval., Art. 40.7 (Shenzhen), and later [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 339, Pezizasporites (Fossil fungi)   Pezizasporites T.C. Huang. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Fossil Fungi, Incertae sedis, Amerosporae. The monotypic fossil genus, Pezizasporites, was instituted by Huang (1981) from the Peliao Sandstone (Miocene, 23–5 mya) of Taiwan. Pezizasporites includes oval-elliptical fungal spores with thin reticulate spore wall.  Type species: Pezizasporites taiwanensis T.C. Huang 1981     Figure 1 – Pezizasporites taiwanensis. Scale bar = 10 μm. Redrawn from Huang (1981).   References Huang TC. 1981 – Miocene palynomorphs of Taiwan (6). Miscellaneous spores and pollen grains. Taiwania 26, 45–57.   Entry by Ramesh K. Saxena, Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences, Lucknow, India   (Edited by Kevin D. Hyde, Samaneh Chaharmiri-Dokhaharani, & Achala R. Rathnayaka)   Published online [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 488, Phellinocrescentia   Phellinocrescentia Crous & Decock Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomata. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Monoblastiaceae, Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. A monotypic genus Phellinocrescentia was introduced to accommodate Phellinocrescentia guianensis that grows on basidiocarps of a Phellinus sp. in French Guiana. The genus shows a phoma-like morphology but differs in having solitary or aggregated, uni- to multilocular conidiomata, and ellipsoid to tear-drop-shaped conidia (Crous et al. 2014). Hongsanan et al. (2020) accepted Phellinocrescentia in Monoblastiaceae. This pycnidial genus shares a morphology similar to that of Anisomeridium and showed close phylogenetic association with Funbolia in combined multigene phylogenetic analyses (Hongsanan et al. 2020).  Type species: Phellinocrescentia guianensis Crous & Decock Other accepted species: This genus is monotypic.   Figure 1 – Phellinocrescentia guianensis. a Conidiogenous cells and [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 205, Phellorinia    Phellorinia Berk.     Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1.  Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Phelloriniaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi Phellorinia, considered to be monotypic for many decades, was first described by Berkeley (1843) from P. inquinans Berk as the type species, which is currently known as P. herculeana (Pers.) Kreisel. Phellorinia herculeana is widely distributed across the globe and has been recognized by various names that reflect its 16 synonyms (Sharma et al. 2015, Species Fungorum 2023). The habitat of Phellorinia is generally the dry and warm temperate regions in plains, meadows, and coniferous forests (Yousaf et al. 2012). Phellorinia herculeana is often mistaken for another desert mushroom, Podaxis pistillaris (L.) Fr. , in some Asian countries due to their similar appearances (Sharma et al. [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 59 Phialosimplex    Phialosimplex Sigler, Deanna A. Sutton, Gibas, Summerb. & Iwen (a synonym of Aspergillus) Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (2023) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Sigler et al. (2010) introduced Phialosimplex as a new genus in Trichocomaceae based on the phenotypic characteristic and phylogenetic analysis using ITS and SSU sequence data (Sigler et al. 2010). However, based on further phylogenetic analysis using the ITS, calmodulin, β-tubulin, and RPB2 sequences, Samson et al. (2014) suggested that genera such as Phialosimplex, Polypaecilum, Dichotomomyces, Cristaspora, and Aspergillus form a monophyletic clade closely related to Penicillium. According to the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants, and the International Commission of Penicillium and Aspergillus, Samson et al. (2014) proposed keeping Aspergillus instead of using smaller genera. Five species had been introduced in Phialosimplex based on molecular (ITS and SSU sequence) and morphological data (Sigler et [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 379, Phlebiporia   Phlebiporia Jia J. Chen, B.K. Cui & Y.C. Dai Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Macrofungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Meruliaceae, Polyporales, Incertae sedis, Agaricomycetes, Agaricomycotina, Basidiomycota, Fungi. Based on phylogenetic analyses phylogenies of ITS and LSU, analyses and morphological studies, Chen and Cui (2014) proposed Phlebiporia in Meruliaceae to accommodate the type species Phlebiporia bubalina. Phlebiporia characterized by an annual, resupinate basidiomata, strongly attached to the substrate, a monomitic hyphal system with simple-septate, dextrinoid and thick-walled generative hyphae, presence of thin-walled quasi-binding hyphae in the subiculum, and small, smooth, ellipsoid basidiospores, IKI–, CB– (Chen & Cui 2014). Phlebiporia is unique in its dextrinoid generative and quasi-binding hyphae (Chen & Cui 2014). No other species have been introduced to this genus, which remains monotypic.           [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 180, Phragmothyrites (Fossil Fungi)   Phragmothyrites W.N. Edwards. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Microthyriaceae, Microthyriales, Dothideomycetes, Ascomycota, Fossil Fungi. The monotypic fossil genus, Phragmothyrites, was described by Edwards (1922) from the Eocene (56–34 mya) sediments of Mull, Scotland. Edwards (1922) stated that these fossil forms belong to the Microthyriaceae, the exact position of which is uncertain, but appears to be most closely related to Phragmothyrium as defined by Von Höhnel (1912). This diagnosis was emended by Kar and Saxena (1976), as follows: No free hyphae; ascostromata subcircular-circular, dimidiate, nonostiolate; hyphae radially arranged, interconnected to form pseudoparenchymatous cells; central cells ± squarishsubcircular, outer cells elongated, may be setose at margin and thickened. Cells with or without pores; generally, cells [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 107 Pileus   Pileus Citation when using this entry: Bera et al., in prep – Fungalpedia – Basidiomycota, genera, and terminology. Mycosphere. The structure covering and supporting the spore-bearing layer in most mushrooms is the pileus, also simply known as the cap of the Basidiomycota. Size is one of the characteristics of the pileus but this is an inconsistent trait that can vary within a species, depending on its maturity and habitat. During development, the pileus expands laterally; thus, there is a continuum of the pileus shape from the young to the mature. The pileus has a wide variety of colors. Even within a single species, young basidiomata have dark-colored pileus, which usually fades with age. This is mainly affected by weather, such as moisture (continuous rain fades [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 120 Pirozynskiomyces   Pirozynskiomyces Hern.-Restr. & Crous Citation when using this entry: Norphanphoun et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, genera and higher taxa of 2022. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Based on multi-locus analysis (ITS, LSU, rpb2) and morphological studies, Hernández-Restrepo et al. (2022) introduced Pirozynskiomyces (Coniocessiaceae) to accommodate P.brasiliensis and P. sinensis (≡ Circinotrichum sinense). Pirozynskiomyces with P. brasiliensis as the type was collected from a rotten leaf in Brazil, and P. sinensis was found on dead foliage of Camellia cuspidata in China (Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2022). Pirozynskiomyces is known only from its asexual morph and is characterized by simple or branched setae and conidiogenous cells that produce falcate, hyaline conidia with a cellular appendage at the apex (Li et al. 2017, Hernández-Restrepo et al. 2022). Phylogenetic evidence obtained from the analysis of ITS, LSU, and rpb2 [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 138 Pisolithus   Pisolithus Alb. & Schwein. Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (in prep) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Basidiomycota, Agaricomycetes, Boletales, Sclerodermatceae Pisolithus, a gastromycete genus, boasts a global presence and has demonstrated remarkable efficacy in promoting tree growth under specific conditions (Marx 1977). Pisolithus tinctorius (Mont.) E. Fisch., is one such species which was first reported by van der Bijl (1918) in Eucalyptus plantations in South Africa. Its symbiotic association with not only Eucalyptus but also with Pinus, Quercus, and other coniferous and broad-leaved tree species has been confirmed experimentally later (Marx & Bryan 1970, Ashton 1976, Marx 1977, Gibson 1979). The ability of P. tinctorius to improve tree growth has been utilized especially in afforested areas and adverse soil conditions [...]