FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia - Note 47 Abstoma   Abstoma G. Cunn Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 The genus Abstoma was established by Cunningham (1926) under the family Lycoperdaceae incorporating the characters such as basidiomes without any determined stoma, a wavy capillitium, a peridium rupturing irregularly, and basidiospores with reticulate ornamentation. Later, both the smooth-surfaced and ornamented basidiospores were incorporated under Abstoma (Wright & Suárez 1990). Other characteristics of this genus that make it quite unique are its globose-shaped, deeply coloured basidiospores with conspicuous to obsolete pedicels, short and smooth threads of capillitium, and an exoperidium often intermixed with sand particles (Cunningham 1926, Wright & Suárez 1990, Gube & Dörfelt 2011). Abstoma represents the gasteroid macrofungi and is placed under the [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 39 Abundisporus   Abundisporus Ryvarden Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 The genus Abundisporus Ryvarden typified by A. fuscopurpureus (Pers.) Ryvarden was established in 1998 while studying the diversity of the poroid mushrooms of tropical Africa (Ryvarden 1998). The basidiocarps are mostly of pileate to resupinate habit (Ryvarden 1998, Zhao et al. 2015). The context is usually of a range of colours from umber brown to greyish to purplish brown (Ryvarden 1998, Zhao et al. 2015). The hyphal system is dimitic with pale brown to yellow skeletal hyphae (Ryvarden 1998, Zhao et al. 2015). The basidiospores of this genus are generally pale yellowish, slightly thick-walled, ellipsoid, and non-dextrinoid (Ryvarden 1998, Zhao et al. 2015). The tissues of Abundisporus turns brownish on reaction with Potassium hydroxide (Zhao et al. 2015). Taxonomic studies revealed that [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 63 Acanthofungus   Acanthofungus Sheng H. Wu, Boidin & C.Y. Chien Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (2023) Basidiomycota. Mycosphere (in prep)   Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 The whitish, resupinate, pulvinate, and deeply cracked basidiomata of this wood-decaying basidiomycete is reminiscent of Xylobolus frustulatus (Pers.) P. Karst (Wu et al. 2000). After being documented first from an endemic gymnosperm tree (Calocedrus formosna) in Taiwan, monosporous and polysporous cultures were prepared (Wu et al. 2000). Based on the cultural and morphological characteristics, Acanthofungus was introduced, and typified by A. rimosus Sheng H. Wu, Boidin & C.Y. Chien under the family Stereaceae (Wu et al. 2000). The appearance of the basidiomata is composed of many orbicular patches and pieces (Wu et al. 2000). The hymenium shows distinct thickening with a [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 112 Achrochaeta   Achrochaeta Réblová & Hern. -Restr. Citation when using this entry: Silva et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Sordariomycetidae. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Achrochaeta was introduced by Réblová et al. (2021) as a monotypic genus to accommodate Achrochaeta talbotii (S. Hughes, W.B. Kendr. & Shoemaker). Réblová & Hern.-Restr., isolated from decaying wood collected from New Zealand (Réblová et al. 2021). The phylogenetic analysis using ITS and 28S sequences revealed that their isolate clustered with Chaetosphaeria talbotii, representing a novel lineage in the Chaetosphaeriaceae separating it from Dictyochaeta. Therefore, C. talbotii was synonymized under a new genus Achrochaeta (Réblová et al. 2021). Morphologically, it is characterized by its sexual and asexual morphs. The sexual morph is a perithecial, astromatic ascomata with a carbonaceous ascomatal wall and periphysate ostioles. Paraphyses are hyaline and septate, [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 105 Agaricus   Agaricus L. Citation when using this entry: Bera et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota, genera, and terminology. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Figs 1, 2 Agaricus was introduced in 1753 and belongs to Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes (He et al. 2019). The genus includes over 500 species worldwide, with Agaricus campestris L. as the type species. Agaricus is a saprobic genus found in forests and grasslands. The genus is characterized by white to pink free lamellae when young, brown to dark brown when mature, and with an annulated stipe. There are approximately 6,000 records of Agaricus in Index Fungorum (www.indexfungorum.org; accessed in May 2023). The genus is divided into sections based on molecular phylogenetic and morphological characteristics. The taxonomy system of Agaricus is complex. The schäffer reaction, alkali reaction, discoloration of sporocarp [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 7 Alascospora   Alascospora Raja, Violi & Shearer   Citation if using this entry: Fahalli et al. (2023) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere (in press) Index Fungorum Identifier 514031, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Freshwaterfungi.org, Fig 1. Based on unique morphological characteristics Alascospora, a freshwater ascomycete, was introduced in Pleosporales incertae sedis (Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes), by Raja et al. (2010). The sole species of the genus Alascospora evergladensis was isolated from submerged dead petioles of Nymphaea odorata, during an investigation of aquatic fungi along a phosphorus gradient in the Florida Everglades. The fungus produces light brown, translucent, and membranous ostiolate perithecia. Dark and amorphous material is irregularly deposited on the peridium, especially around the ostiole. Asci are globose, fissitunicate, and thick-walled. Ascospores are 1-septate and hyaline when young, and enclosed by a hyaline gelatinous sheath that resembles two wings (Raja [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 143 Albatrellus   Albatrellus Gray  Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Albatrellaceae, Russulales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi Albatrellus was described by S.F. Gray (1821) based on Albatrellus albidus Gray in his work “A Natural Arrangement of British Plants". The poroid hymenophore of Albatrellus initially placed the genus under the order Polyporales (Kirk et al. 2001). However, as the study progressed combining the morphology and the molecular data, Albatrellus was revealed to be polyphyletic (Bruns et al. 1998, Zheng & Liu 2008). The primary phylogenetic analyses based on the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene placed some species of Albatrellus closely related to the members of the family Russulaceae (Bruns et al. 1998). Based on further studies dealing with other [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 12 Alborbis   Citation: Bhunjun et al. 2023 – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2018, Mycosphere (in press)   Alborbis Crous Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Alborbis galericulata was previously introduced as Cryptodiaporthe galericulata, but it is phylogenetically and morphologically different from the type species of Cryptodiaporthe (Kruys & Castlebury 2012). Based on phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU, tef and rpb2 sequences, A. galericulata formed a clade in Sydowiellaceae (Senanayake et al. 2017). Hence, the monophyletic genus Alborbis was introduced by Senanayake et al. (2017), with a single species A. galericulata. It is classified under Sordariomycetes, Diaporthomycetidae, Diaporthales, Sydowiellaceae (Senanayake et al. 2017). The name of this genus means the ascomata opens up to the surface of its host through a whiten disk, which is derived from two Latin words “alba” and “orbis” (Senanayake et al. 2017). The type [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 66 Allantophomopsiella   Allantophomopsiella Crous Citation when using this data: Huanraluek et al. Fungalpedia, coelomycetes. Mycosphere (in prep). Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Coelomycetes.org, Fig 1. Allantophomopsiella was described based on ITS and LSU sequence data and was transferred to Leotiomycetes (Phacidiaceae, Phacidiales, Leotiomycetidae) (Li et al. 2020).   Allantophomopsiella is a monotypic genus (https://www.indexfungorum.org/Names/Names.asp on 18 May 2023). Conidiomata of this genus are pycnidial, immersed, septate conidiophores arise from the inner layer of the conidiomata, conidiogenous cells are integrated or discrete, ampulliform to subcylindrical or lageniform, hyaline and conidia are ellipsoid to fusiform, hyaline, smooth, aseptate, guttulate, bearing mucoid apical appendages, flabelliform to irregular in shape (Crous et al. 2014, Li et al. 2020). This genus is distributed in Austria, Canada, Germany, Latvia, Sweden, the UK, and the USA (Crous et al. 2015, Li et al. 2020). Allantophomopsiella is morphologically related to [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 150 Alleppeysporonites   Alleppeysporonites Ramanujam & K.P. Rao Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD in prep – Fungalpedia, fossil fungi. Mycosphere. Classification: Fossil Ascomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank The monotypic fossil genus, Alleppeysporonites, was described from the Quilon and Warkalli beds (Miocene, 23–3 mya) of Kerala along the west coast of South India (Ramanujam & Rao 1978) and was diagnosed as: “Spores branched, brownish, multicellular, inaperturate, septa only transverse, branches one or two per spore, gently curved. Basal and terminal cells each with a conspicuous appendage. Spore wall psilate to scabrate.” The branched nature and the presence of appendages are the important features of this spore type. The fossil taxon shows striking similarity to the dematiaceous asexual Ascomycota Grallomyces (Barnett 1956, Ellis 1971, Subramanian 1971). The appendages of the fossil are similar to [...]