Fungalpedia – Note 111 Juxtiphoma

 

Juxtiphoma Valenzuela-Lopez, Cano, Crous, Guarro & Stchigel

Citation when using this entry: Yasanthika et al., in prep – Genera of soil fungi. Mycosphere.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1, 2.

Juxtiphoma (Didymellaceae, Pleosporales) was introduced by Valenzuela-Lopez et al. (2018) with the type species J. eupyrena (≡ Phoma eupyrena) based on multigene phylogeny (LSU, ITS, tub2 and rpb2) and morphological support. Three species have been accepted in this genus (Index Fungorum 2023). The asexual morph is characterized by brown pycnidial conidiomata with a wall of cells of textura angularis. Conidiogenous cells are phialidic, hyaline and ampulliform forming aseptate, hyaline, smooth- and thin-walled, ovoid, ellipsoidal or cylindrical, biguttulate conidia. The sexual morph is undetermined (Domsch et al. 1993). Juxtiphoma is characterized by chlamydospores which are important for isolating species from soil particles. They are aseptate, ochraceous-brown, single or in chains, subglobose, barrel-shaped or ellipsoidal (Domsch et al. 1993, Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018).  All species of this genus have been isolated from soil-based habitats (Yasanthika et al. 2021). Juxtiphoma eupyrena has been isolated from Solanum tuberosum and is commonly found in soils in the UK, India, Malaysia, Netherlands and the USA (Domsch et al. 1993). Juxtiphoma kolkmaniorum and J. yunnanensis have been described from garden soil in the Netherlands and industrial waste-contaminated soil in China (Hou et al. 2020, Yasanthika et al. 2021). Juxtiphoma is phylogenetically close to Cumuliphoma and morphologically similar in having pycnidia with hyaline conidia. However, Cumuliphoma  lacks chlamydospores (Valenzuela-Lopez et al. 2018).

Type species: Juxtiphoma eupyrena (Sacc.) Valenz.-Lopez, Crous, Stchigel, Guarro & Cano

Other accepted species:

Juxtiphoma kolkmaniarum Hern.-Restr., L.W. Hou, L. Cai & Crous

Juxtiphoma yunnanensis Yasanthika, G.C. Ren & K.D. Hyde

 

 

 

Figure 1 – Juxtiphoma eupyrena (redrawn from Fig. 280 in Domsch et al. 1993) a Chlamydospores. b Pycnoconidia.  Juxtiphoma kolkmaniorum (CBS 146005) (redrawn from Hou et al. 2020). c Pycnidia forming on oatmeal agar. d Conidiogenous cells. e Conidia. f Chlamydospores. Scale bars: a, b = 500x, c = 100 µm, d-f =10 µm.

 


 

Figure 2 – Juxtiphoma yunnanensis (HKAS 107657) a Colony from above. b Colony from below. c Mycelia on the colony. d Mature septate hyphae. e Terminal, branched and chained chlamydospores. f–h Chlamydospores.   Scale bars: d = 25 μm, e = 20 μm, f-h = 10 μm.

 

References

Averill C, Werbin ZR, Atherton KF, Bhatnagar JM, Dietze MC. 2021 – Soil microbiome predictability increases with spatial and taxonomic scale. Nature Ecology & Evolution 5, 747–756.

Bahram M, Netherway T. 2022 – Fungi as mediators linking organisms and ecosystems. FEMS Microbiology Reviews 46, 2, fuab058.

Bridge P, Spooner B. 2001 – Soil fungi: diversity and detection. Plant and Soil 232, 147–154.

Domsch KH, Gams W, Anderson TH. 1993 – Compendium of Soil Fungi. IHWVerlag Press.

Hou L, Hernández-Restrepo M, Groenewald JZ, Cai L et al. 2020 – Citizen science project reveals high diversity in Didymellaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). MycoKeys 65, 49–99.

Index Fungorum. 2023 – Available from: https://www.indexfungorum.org/names/names.asp (accessed on 20 April 2023).

Janowski D, Leski T. 2023 – Landscape-scale mapping of soil fungal distribution: proposing a new NGS-based approach. Scientific Reports, 13, 1–16.

Peršoh D, Stolle N, Brachmann A, Begerow D et al. 2018 – Fungal guilds are evenly distributed along a vertical spruce forest soil profile while individual fungi show pronounced niche partitioning. Mycological Progress 17, 925–939.

Tedersoo L, Anslan S, Bahram M, Kõljalg U, Abarenkov K. 2020 – Identifying the ‘unidentified’ fungi: a global-scale long-read third-generation sequencing approach. Fungal Diversity 103, 273–293.

Tedersoo L, Bahram M, Puusepp R, Nilsson RH, James TY. 2017 – Novel soil-inhabiting clades fill gaps in the fungal tree of life. Microbiome 5, 42.

Tedersoo L, Mikryukov V, Anslan S, Bahram M et al. 2021 – The Global Soil Mycobiome consortium dataset for boosting fungal diversity research. Fungal Diversity 111, 573–588.

Tedersoo L, Mikryukov W, Zizka A, Bahram M et al. 2022 – Towards understanding diversity, endemicity and global change vulnerability of soil fungi. Global Change Biology 28, 6696–6710.

Valenzuela-Lopez N, Cano-Lira JF, Guarro J, Sutton DA et al. 2018 – Coelomycetous Dothideomycetes with emphasis on the families Cucurbitariaceae and Didymellaceae. Studies in Mycology 90, 1–69.

Wu B, Hussain M, Zhang W, Stadler M et al. 2019 – Current insights into fungal species diversity and perspective on naming the environmental DNA sequences of fungi. Mycology 10, 127–140.

Yasanthika WAE, Wanasinghe DN, Mortimer PE, Monkai J et al. 2022 – The importance of culture-based techniques in the genomic era for assessing the taxonomy and diversity of soil fungi. Mycosphere 13, 724–751.

Yasanthika E, Wanasinghe DN, Farias ARG, Tennakoon DS et al. Genera of soil Ascomycota. (in prep).

Yasanthika E, Wanasinghe DN, Ren GC, Karunarathna SC et al. 2021 – Taxonomic and phylogenetic insights into novel Ascomycota from contaminated soils in Yunnan, China. Phytotaxa, 513, 203–225.

 

Entry by

Yasanthika W.A.E., Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand; School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand.

 

(Edited by Kevin D. Hyde)

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