Fungalpedia – Note 686, Parmularia

 

Parmularia Lév.

Citation when using this data: D. S. Marasinghe et al. 2023 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.

Classification: Parmulariaceae, Asterinales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi 

Epiphytic or parasitic on living leaves. Colonies superficial, orbicular, black. Hyphae growing at base of ascomata, brown, septate, branching, sinuous, lacking appressoria. Sexual morph: Ascostromata superficial, solitary to gregarious, shield-like, dark brown to black, carbonaceous, flattened, with ridges radiating from the centre to the outer rim; ridges containing elongated locules, opening by a longitudinal slit and containing numerous asci; cells of ascostromata wall thick-walled and elongated and composed of black, amorphous tissues in the stromatic crust. Locules in vertical section subglobose, immersed within ascostroma. Upper wall comprised of several black layers and dark brown cells. Haustoria coralloid, hyaline, developing both the subcuticular and the lacunar parenchymal cells. Hamathecium with hyaline or pale brown at the rounded, septate, filiform pseudoparaphyses, swollen, verrucose at their apices, sometimes dichotomously branched at the base. Asci 6–8-spored, bitunicate, thick-walled, cylindrical, short-pedicellate, with a distinct ocular chamber. Ascospores 2–3-seriate, ellipsoidal, 1-septum, initially hyaline becoming pale brown at maturity, upper cells larger than lower cells, constricted at the septum, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined (Guatimosim et al. 2015; Dai et al. 2018).

Notes: Léveillé (1846) introduced Parmularia with the type species of P. styracis. Parmularia is characterized by large, black, shield-like, flattened ascomata with ridges radiating from the centre to the outer rim, and the ridges comprising elongated, radiating locules, filamentous pseudoparaphyses with brown and verrucose apices and ellipsoid, 1-septum ascospores (Inácio and Cannon 2008; Dai et al. 2018; Hongsanan et al. 2020a). Guatimosim et al. (2015) provided the first molecular data for P. styracis.

Type species: Parmularia styracis Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 3 5: 286 (1846)

Other accepted species:  species Fungorum – search Parmularia.

 

References

Dai DQ, Tang LZ, Liu C et al 2018 – Studies on Parmulariaceae I. A phylogeny based on available sequence data; introducing Parmulariales ord. nov., and Hemigraphaceae, Melaspileellaceae and Stictographaceae fam. nov. Phytotaxa 369:63–79.

Guatimosim E, Firmino A, Bezerra JL et al 2015 – Towards a phylogenetic reappraisal of Parmulariaceae and Asterinaceae (Doth- ideomycetes). Persoonia 35:230–241.

Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R et al 2020a – Refined fami- lies of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:17–318.

Inácio CA, Cannon PF 2008 – The genera of the Parmulariaceae. CBS biodiversity series, vol 8. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Centre, Utrecht.

Léveillé JH 1845 – Champignons exotiques. Ann Sci Nat Ser 3(3):38–71.

 

Entry by 

Diana Sandamali Marasinghe, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai, 50150, Thailand

 

Published online 29 August 2023

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