Fungalpedia – Note 671, Parmulariaceae

 

Parmulariaceae E. Müll. & Arx ex M.E. Barr.

Citation when using this data: D. S. Marasinghe et al. 2023 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.

Classification: Asterinales, Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi 

Epiphyllous or biotrophic on living leaves. Colonies super- ficial, dark brown to black, rounded to irregular. Hyphae usually spreading out from ascomata border. Sexual morph: Ascomata solitary to scattered or gregarious, superficial to immersed, shield-like, strongly flattened, elliptical or orbicu- lar, dark brown to black, carbonaceous to membranaceous. Locules immersed in ascostromata or in longitudinal ridges radiating from the centre. Peridium composed of dark to hyaline, thick to thin cells of textura prismatica to textura angularis. Hamathecium with hyaline, septate pseudo- paraphyses with brown apices or absent. Asci bitunicate, 8-spored, broad cylindrical to subglobose, ocular chamber present. Ascospores 2-seriate to irregular arranged, hyaline to pale brown or dark brown, oblong to ellipsoid, 1-septum or muriform, smooth- to verrucose-walled. Asexual morph: Undetermined.

Notes: Parmulariaceae currently comprises polyphyletic genera with diverse morphological characters (Inácio and Cannon 2008; Guatimosim et al. 2015) and only one genus (Parmularia) has sequence data (Guatimosim et al. 2015; Hyde et al. 2016; Liu et al. 2017). Guatimosim et al. (2015) provided the first sequence data for Parmularia and Dai et al. (2018) established Parmulariales to accommo- date taxa of Parmulariaceae. Hongsanan et al. (2020a) and Wijayawardene et al. (2022) and accept 35 genera in this family. Cyclostomella has been already synonymized under Pelistroma which was included in Dothideomycetes incertae sedis. Inácio et al. (2012) mentioned that Placostromella and Kiehlia are needed further taxonomic revision with molecular data to place in Parmulariaceae. Herein, we only accept 32 genera and exclude three genera (Cyclostomella, Kiehlia and Placostromella) based on morphology.

Type genus: Parmularia Lév., Annls Sci. Nat., Bot., sér. 35:286 (1846).

 

References

Dai DQ, Tang LZ, Liu C et al 2018 – Studies on Parmulariaceae I. A phylogeny based on available sequence data; introducing Parmulariales ord. nov., and Hemigraphaceae, Melaspileel- laceae and Stictographaceae fam. nov. Phytotaxa 369:63–79.

Guatimosim E, Firmino A, Bezerra JL et al 2015 – Towards a phylo- genetic reappraisal of Parmulariaceae and Asterinaceae (Doth- ideomycetes). Persoonia 35:230–241.

Hongsanan S, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R et al 2020a – Refined fami- lies of Dothideomycetes: orders and families incertae sedis in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 105:17–318.

Hyde KD, Hongsanan S, Jeewon R et al 2016 – Fungal diversity notes 367–490: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa. Fungal Divers 80:1–270.

Inácio CA, Araúz K, Piepenbring M 2012 – A new genus of Parmu- lariaceae from Panama. Mycol Prog 11:1–6.

Inácio CA, Cannon PF 2008 – The genera of the Parmulariaceae. CBS biodiversity series, vol 8. CBS Fungal Biodiversity Cen- tre, Utrecht.

Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jeewon R et al 2017 – Ranking higher taxa using divergence times: a case study in Dothideomycetes. Fungal Divers 84:75–99.

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai DQ et al 2022 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa—2021. Mycosphere 13:53–453.

 

Entry by 

Diana Sandamali Marasinghe, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai, 50150, Thailand

 

Published online 29 August 2023

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