FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 24 Planticonsortium   Citation: Bhunjun et al. 2023 – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2018, Mycosphere (in press)   Planticonsortium C. Walker & D. Redecker. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 During a survey on mycorrhizal endophytes in New Zealand, Greenall (1963) identified a fungus associated with enhanced plant growth from Griselinia littoralis and this “fine endophyte” was named Rhizophagus tenuis (Glomeromycotina, Glomeromycota). Hall (1977) synonymized Rhizophagus tenuis as Glomus tenuis (orthographically corrected as G. tenue). Fine endophytes consist of fine hyphae (1.5 μm diameter), which branch intra-cellularly forming a fan-like structure and were previously classified as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (Hall 1977; Orchard et al. 2017). Their colourless spores are very small (<20 μm) compared to Glomeromycota (Hall 1977), therefore, its placement within Glomus and the Glomeromycota with other coarse arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 83 Pleopunctum   Pleopunctum N.G. Liu, K.D. Hyde & J.K. Liu Citation when using this entry: Liu et al., in prep – Taxonomy and phylogeny of brown-spored hyphomycetes. Fungal Diversity, in review. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Based on phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU, SSU, ITS and tef1-α sequence data, Liu et al. (2019) introduced Pleopunctum with the type species P. ellipsoideum and P. pseudoellipsoideum in the family Phaeoseptaceae (Pleosporales, Dothideomycetes). Subsequently, seven other Pleopunctum species were described in China and Thailand (Phukhamsakda et al. 2020, Boonmee et al. 2021, Senwanna et al. 2021, Wanasinghe et al. 2022, Xu et al. 2023). Pleopunctum is a saprobic genus in terrestrial habitats. The sexual morph of Pleopunctum has not been reported. The asexual state is characterized by macronematous, mononematous, short conidiophores, monoblastic, integrated conidiogenous cells and oval to ellipsoidal, brown, muriform conidia often with a hyaline, globose [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 214, Podaxis    Podaxis Desv.   Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1.  Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Agaricaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi Podaxis has captivated many scientists and explorers for centuries due to less-known facts about the biology behind its evident association with termites (Conlon et al. 2016). Podaxis has a well-documented history of being observed in connection with the grass-harvesting termite Trinervitermes from Africa and Nasutitermes in Australia (Massee 1890, Lenz & Priest 1999). The initial representation of Podaxis was identified as Fungus melitensis (Boccone 1697), with a detailed description and an additional suggestion that it is "well suited to the treatment of dysentery" (Boccone 1697, Conlon et al. 2019). In the initial documentation, three species of Podaxis were described under  Lycoperdon Pers. as Lycoperdon pistillare L., L. carcinomale L. f., and L. axatum Bosc  (Linnaeus [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 100 Polycephalomyces   Polycephalomyces Kobayasi Citation when using this entry: Xiao et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, invertebrate fungi. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Polycephalomyces was introduced as an entomopathogenic genus with one species obtained from Japan, characterized by polycephalous synnemata (Kobayashi 1941). Several additional species were described and later, Perennicordyceps was segregated from Polycephalomyces with four species (Matočec et al. 2014). Pleurocordyceps was segregated from Polycephalomyces with ten species (Wang et al. 2021). Xiao et al. (2023) established a new family, Polycephalomycetaceae, to accommodate these three genera based on morphology and phylogenetic analyses of a combined ITS, LSU, SSU, rpb1, rpb2 and tef 1-α sequence data. Polycephalomyces is the type genus in Polycephalomycetaceae (Xiao et al. 2023). Polycephalomyces is an asexual morph with phialidic conidiogenous cells and oblong to cylindrical conidia [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 181, Polyhyphaethyrites (Fossil Fungi)   Polyhyphaethyrites R. Srivast. & R.K. Kar. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Microthyriales. Dothideomycetes, Fossil Ascomycota The monotypic fossil genus, Polyhyphaethyrites, was described by Srivastava & Kar (2004) from the Deccan Intertrappean Beds (Palaeocene, 66–56 mya) of Mohgaon Kalan, Chhindwara District, Madhya Pradesh, India. The ascostroma is dimidiate and generally subcircular in shape with a wavy margin, sometimes oval, and may be semicircular (when broken). It is unusually larger than other known fossil ascocarps. There is no opening in the middle, but in the section, the middle part is occasionally ruptured, giving an ostiolate-like appearance. The hyphae of the specimens are characteristic, with 8–25 hyphae closely placed side by side to [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 506, Polyphagales   Polyphagales Doweld Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Chytridiomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Chytridiales, Chytridiomycetidae, Chytridiomycetes, Chytridiomycotina, Chytridiomycota, Fungi Doweld (2014) introduced Polyphagales to accommodate the monotypic family Polyphagaceae. The order is characterized by an interbiotic thallus, monocentric, eucarpic, and functions as a prosporangium with an apical pore, bearing branched, strongly polyphagous rhizoids. Zoospores posteriorly uniflagellate, with lipid globules associated with microbodies, mitochondria, and rumposomes (fenestrated cisterna) oriented toward the posterior end of the zoospore, with a laterally directed striated rootlet; concentric layers of cisternae traversing the ribosomal aggregation; membranous labyrinth associated with the nucleus; hexagonally organized cell coat; cytoplasmic spines scattered over the cell surface. Resting spores are sexually formed in conjugation tubes produced by one of the two conjugating thalli [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 75 Polypus   Polypus Audet Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (in prep). New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere Index Fungorum , MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1.  Polypus was introduced in Russulales incertae sedis being segregated from Scutiger Paulet (Audet 2010). Lloyd, (1912) described Polypus as a species of Polyporus, and then Audet in 2010 circumscribed it as a monotypic genus, containing the single species Polypus dispansus. Phylogenetic analysis based on LSU sequence data supported the introduction of this new genus. Polypus dispansus can be identified by its small, non-amyloid basidiospores, simple, septate hyphae, and pale yellow petaloid basidiomes. The broadest basidiome ever observed was 30 cm. It has small, multiple yellow caps, originating from a single stem. The flesh is single-layered and pale white, becoming cherry red when treated with potassium hydroxide (KOH). White hymenophores have angular pores. It has an uncharacteristic odor and bitter taste. It has irregularly swollen and constricted contextual hyphae [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 376, Porocercospora   Porocercospora Amaradasa, Amundsen, Madrid & Crous Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Fungal pathogens. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi; MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Pleosporaceae, Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Based on phylogenies of ITS, LSU and RPB2 analyses and morphological studies, Amaradasa et al. (2014) established Porocercospora to accommodate the type species Porocercospora seminalis (=Cercospora seminalis). Porocercospora seminalis can cause an important buffalograss false-smut pathogen, which affects seed production (Amaradasa et al. 2014). Porocercospora is characterized by densely aggregated conidiophores with subcylindrical, branched above, septate, arising from brown stroma, solitary conidia, medium brown, obclavate to cylindro-obclavate, transversely multi-distoseptate, apex subobtuse, base obconically truncate (Amaradasa et al. 2014). No other species have been introduced to this genus, which remains monotypic.              Type species: Porocercospora seminalis (Ellis & Everh.) Amaradasa, Amundsen, H. Madrid & Crous Other accepted species: This [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 45 Priceomyces   Priceomyces M. Suzuki & Kurtzman Citation if using this entry: Fallahi et al. (2023) New genera in 2010-2011. Mycosphere (in prep) Index Fungorum, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Kurtzman and Suzuki (2010) introduced Priceomyces in Debaryomycetaceae (Saccharomycetales) as a new ascomycetous yeast genus. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the divergent domains of the large subunit (D1/D2) and the nearly complete small subunit (SSU) rDNA, Kurtzman and Suzuki (2010) introduced one new species and four new combinations in this genus; Priceomyces haplophilus (the type species), Priceomyces carsonii (Basionym: Pichia carsonii), Priceomyces castillae (Basionym: Pichia castillae), Priceomyces medius (Basionym: Pichia media), and Priceomyces melissophilus (Basionym: Pichia melissophila). Crous et al. (2017) also introduced two other new combinations in Priceomyces; Priceomyces northwykensis (Basionym: Candida northwykensis) and Priceomyces fermenticarens (Basionym: Candida fermenticarens). Asci in the genus can be unconjugated or [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 487, Proxipyricularia   Proxipyricularia Klaubauf, M.-H. Lebrun & Crous Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Fungal pathogens. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Pyriculariaceae, Magnaporthales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. The genus Proxipyricularia belongs to the family Pyriculariaceae and is morphologically similar to the type genus Pyricularia but phylogenetically forms a distinct lineage (Klaubauf et al. 2014). Proxipyricularia was proposed as a new genus together with the type species Proxipyricularia zingiberis. This plant pathogenic Proxipyricularia is mainly characterized by its cylindrical, erect, olivaceous to brown, septate conidiophores with terminal and intercalary conidiogenous cells, pyriform to obclavate with narrowed tips and rounded base, subhyaline to pale brown, and 2-septate conidia often with minute marginal frills (Klaubauf et al. 2014). To date, only one species of this [...]