FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 424, Gossypiothallon   Gossypiothallon Aptroot Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomata. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. X  Classification: Incertae sedis, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetidae, Arthoniomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Aptroot (2014) introduced Gossypiothallon as a new genus along with Gossypiothallon appendisporum as a type species from the Solomon Islands. The study was based on morphological analysis and thin-layer chromatography (TLC). Today, G. appendisporum is the only species recognized in this genus (Aptroot 2014). Gossypiothallon is characterized with whitish thallus with crustose, not corticate, byssoid, and not surrounded by prothallus; spherical ascomata, turbinate to pedicellate, round, pale pink, single, without distinct margins; hyaline hymenium is not inspersed; paraphyses often anastomosing; hyaline hypothecium; long clavate to almost cylindrical asci with eight ascospores, is visible with the tips not clearly thickened; [...]

  Fungalpedia – Note  313, Grandibotrys   Grandibotrys L. Lombard & Crous  Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Lombard et al. (2016) established Grandibotrys for two stachybotrys-like taxa with large, olivaceous green to dark brown conidia that have a mammiform apical and/or basal protrudance. Furthermore, they clustered distantly from the Stachybotrys s.st clade in cmdA-ITS-rpb2-tub2 phylogeny (Lombard et al. 2016). Grandibotrys is characterized by macronematous mononematous conidiophores occur solitary or in groups, are erect, septate, unbranched or branched, hyaline with thin and smooth walls. The whorls of 2–4 conidiogenous cells arise from the apex of the conidiophores. They are phialidic, subcylindrical to clavate to fusiform, hyaline and smooth-walled with [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 341, Graphiolites (Fossil fungi)   Graphiolites Fritel 1910 Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Fossil Fungi, Basidiomycota, Ustilaginomycotina, Exobasidiomycetes, Exobasidiomycetidae, Exobasidiales, Graphiolaceae. Graphiolites, was described by Fritel (1910) from the Sparnacian (Early Eocene, 55.5 mya) sediments of Cessoy, Seine-et-Marne, France. The genus includes fossil forms of which the external features and habitat agree with those of the extant Graphiola, i.e. fungi specialized in parasitizing palm fronds, where they form peridia consisting of deep, round or oval cupules. These cupules may be dispersed or arranged in a longitudinal series, parallel to the nervature of the fronds on which they grow. When the peridia are oval, the longer axis is always longitudinally aligned. Fritel (1910), for the first time, [...]

  Fungalpedia – Note 314, Gregatothecium   Gregatothecium L. Lombard & Crous Citation when using this entry: Perera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, genera described in 2016.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Stachybotryaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.             Lombard et al. (2016) established Gregatothecium for a single taxon, that is morphologically similar to Calonectria, Cylindrocladiella and Dematiocladiella (Lombard et al. 2015), but phylogenetically related to Stachybotriaceae in the analysis of cmdA, ITS, rpb2 and tub2 sequences. Gregatothecium can be distinguished from these three genera by its slimy olivaceous-green conidial masses (Lombard et al. 2015, 2016). Gregatothecium produces sporodochial conidiomata consisting of multiple aggregated penicillate conidiophores or is reduced to penicillate or subverticillate solitary conidiophores. Sporodochia are superficially arranged, scattered or gregarious, stromatic and orbicular or irregular in shape. They possess olivaceous green slimy masses [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 392, Gromochytrium   Gromochytrium Karpov & Aleoshin Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Chytridiomycota. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1           Classification: Gromochytriaceae, Gromochytriales, Incertae sedis, Mesochytriomycetes, Chytridiomycotina, Chytridiomycota, Fungi. Based on morphology and concatenated rDNA (18S, 5.8S, 28S) phylogeny, Karpov et al. (2014) identified the algal parasitic Gromochytrium. Gromochytrium is typified as Gromochytrium mamkaevae (Karpov et al. 2014). Gromochytrium is characterized by a simple thallus with an inoperculate, monocentric, epibiotic sporangium with endogenous development and a single slightly branching rhizoidal axis (Karpov et al. 2014). In zoospores, the posterior ribosomal aggregation is unbounded by endoplasmic reticulum, microbodylipid complex connects to the nucleus and contains a single microbody enveloping a large anterior lipid globule with an anteriorly oriented fenestrated cisterna (Karpov et al. 2014). The [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 226, Guayaquilia   Guayaquilia R.F. Castañeda, Magdana, D. Sosa & Hern. -Restr.  Citation when using this entry: Doilom et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Xylariomycetidae.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Incertae sedis, Xylariales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Based on the phylogenetic analysis of the combined LSU and ITS sequences revealed that three strains (MUCL 39017, CCMCIBE-H312, and CCMCIBE-H320), identified as Idriella cubensis formed a monophyletic lineage distinct from a clade containing I. lunata (the generic type). These strains were phylogenetically distant from Microdochiaceae (Xylariales). Therefore, Magdama et al. (2020) established a new genus Guayaquilia to accommodate Guayaquilia cubensis (≡ I. cubensis (Castañeda & Arnold 1985) based on morphological and phylogenetic analyses. Guayaquilia has been reported as a saprobic collected from decaying leaves of Theobroma cacao (Malvaceae) in Ecuador, as well as from decaying [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 221, Guestia   Guestia G.J.D. Sm. & K.D. Hyde Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Citation when using this entry: Li et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia,  Xylariomycetidae.  Classification: Xylariaceae, Xylariales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Guestia was introduced by Smith & Hyde (2001) in Xylariaceae based on morphology with G. gonetropospora as the type species. This genus consists with only one species (Species Fungorum 2024), which has been reported as saprobe collected from dead rachis of Mauritia flexuosa (palm) in Ecuador. Guestia is characterized by pseudostromata with 1–4 ascomata, black, conical, or hemispherical stromata, with a thin and patchy, 8-spored, unitunicate asci with amyloid apical rings, inequilateral ascospores, and dark germ slit (Smith & Hyde 2001). Wendt et al. (2018) accepted Guestia within the Xylariales genera incertae sedis based on only known morphological descriptions of [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 453, Gyrographa   Gyrographa Ertz & Tehler Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomata. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Roccellaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetidae, Arthoniomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.  Gyrographa was introduced to accommodate two Opegrapha species having thickened carbonized hypothecium or basal excipulum and lacking gelatinous perispores, and Gyrographa gyrocarpa as the type species (Ertz et al. 2015). Currently, four species of Gyrographa are recorded in the Index Fungorum (2024). Gyrographa gyrocarpa and G. saxigena occur on siliceous rocks in western Europe and Macaronesia; the former also in North America, while the latter is known from Turkey. Later, Gyrographa nigrofusca was identified as a third species from evergreen rainforests in India; it lacks lichen substances (Jagadeesh 2016). Recently, the fourth species Gyrographa fecunda was proposed by McCarthy et al. (2022) as saxicolous lichen fungi from Australia. Gyrographa is [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 454, Gyronactis   Gyronactis Ertz & Tehler Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomata. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Roccellaceae, Arthoniales, Arthoniomycetidae, Arthoniomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Gyronactis was introduced as a new genus within Roccellaceae, Arthoniales, in Arthoniomycetes by Ertz et al. (2015), with the type species G. asiatica. Gyronactis asiatica is morphologically similar to Lecanactis elaeocarpa by tomentose ascomata, 3-septate ascospores of similar size, and the presence of lecanoric/gyrophoric acid, L. elaeocarpa has smaller (0.4–0.6 mm) and non-pruinose ascomata, a smooth thallus, and lack of pycnidia (Egea & Torrente, 1994). For this reason, Lecanactis elaeocarpa was combined with Gyronactis as G. elaeocarpa (Ertz et al. 2015). Currently, two species of Gyronactis are recorded in Index Fungorum (2024). Gyronactis is characterized by greyish-green to greyish-brown, verrucose thallus, whitish pruinose ascomata [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 443, Hagleromyces   Hagleromyces F.M.P. Sousa, P.B. Morais, Lachance & C.A. Rosa Citation when using this data: Tibpromma et al. 2024 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Yeast. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1  Classification: Saccharomycetaceae, Saccharomycetales, Saccharomycetidae, Saccharomycetes, Saccharomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. On the basis of multiple gene analyses, Sousa et al. (2014) introduced Hagleromyces as a monotypic genus to accommodate Hagleromyces aurorensis. Hagleromyces aurorensis occurs as a yeast species in water tanks (phytotelmata) and is distributed throughout the state of Tocantins, Brazil (Soual et al. 2014). Soual et al. (2014) suggested that Hagleromyces has restricted physiology and is most likely copiotrophic, living in environments with high concentrations of simple carbon sources. They do not produce true hyphae or pseudohyphae by multilateral budding, produce ovoid to ellipsoid, and occur singly or in pairs on YM agar (Soual et [...]