FungalpediaNote

Fungalpedia – Note 106 Clitopaxillus   Clitopaxillus G. Moreno, Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado Citation when using this entry: Bera et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota genera, and terminology. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Alvarado et al. (2018) revised the systematics of the clitocyboid groups of mushrooms based on 18S, 28S, tef1, and rpb2 sequence data and introduced the genus, Clitopaxillus, while establishing a new classification system for the family Pseudoclitocybaceae. Two species, C. alexandri (Gillet) G. Moreno, Vizzini, Consiglio & P. Alvarado (Basionym: Paxillus alexandri Gillet) and C. fibulatus P.A. Moreau, Dima, Consiglio & Vizzini, were accommodated under Clitopaxillus (Alvarado et al. 2018). The name “Clitopaxillus” is derived from the two genera, Clitocybe (Fr.) Staude and Paxillus Fr. under which the type species, C. alexandri was formerly placed (Alvarado et al. 2018). The genus is [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 249, Coccodiella   Coccodiella Hara. Citation when using this entry: Aumentado et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, plant pathogens.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Classification: Phyllachoraceae, Phyllachorales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi Coccodiella was introduced by Hara (1911) as a biotrophic genus of the Phyllachoraceae to accommodate Coccodiella arundinariae as the type species based on its morphology, causing tar spots on Arundinaria simonii in Japan. Coccodiella is characterised by the formation of a sessile hypostroma with erumpent black epistroma on host tissue, scattered or aggregated, flattened to pulvinate, uni- to multiloculate with immersed perithecia, cylindrical to clavate asci, globose to ellipsoid, aseptate, and hyaline ascospores without a gelatinous sheath. Hara (1911) initially made an inaccurate characterisation of ascospores as biseptate, however, Hara (1912) corrected it as aseptate. Other authors have partly revised this genus, all the relevant known [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 109 Colletotrichum   Colletotrichum Corda Citation when using this entry: Aumentado et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, plant pathology. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Colletotrichum was introduced by Corda (1831) to accommodate C. lineola. Many species of this genus are known as pathogens causing symptoms commonly  referred to as anthracnose on a wide range of hosts and with a worldwide distribution (Cannon et al. 2012, Lima et al. 2013, Jayawardena et al. 2020, 2021, Talhinhas & Baroncelli 2021). Symptoms of anthracnose appear as water-soaked or dark necrotic lesions that are oval or angular in shape, sometimes with visible conidial masses. These species are characterized by a distinctive hemibiotrophic lifestyle (Jayawardena et al. 2021). Some Colletotrichum species are endophytes, saprobes, entomopathogens, and animal/ human pathogens (Manamgoda et al. 2013, Jayawardena et al. 2016). Colletotrichum is the sole member of Glomerellaceae (Hyde [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 166, Colligerites (Fossil Fungi)   Colligerites K.P. Jain & R.K. Kar. Citation when using this data: Saxena RK & Hyde KD. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Fossil Fungi.  Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Helicosporae, Fossil Fungi.  Jain & Kar (1979) proposed Colligerites to accommodate C. kutchensis R.K. Kar & R.K. Saxena. (Basionym: Involutisporonites kutchensis R.K. Kar & R.K. Saxena.), described from the Matanomadh Formation (Palaeocene, 66–56 mya) of Matanomadh, Kutch District, Gujarat, India, with the following diagnosis: Spores are multicellular, coiled, cells generally smaller, rounded in central region and more significant, rectangular in outer area. The spore wall is mostly laevigate, sometimes granulose. Pore may be present or absent in each cell. Three species are included in Index Fungorum (2023) under this genus. Type species: Colligerites kutchensis (R.K. Kar & R.K. Saxena (     Figure 1 – Colligerites kutchensis. Scale bar [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 97 Comoclathris   Comoclathris Clem. Citation when using this entry: Bhagya et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, grass and wetland fungi. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Faceoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Comoclathris belongs to the family Diademaceae, order Pleosporales. Comoclathris was introduced by Clements in 1909 (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2007). Comoclathris is a common genus associated with grasses. Ariyawansa et al. (2014) classified this genus under the order Pleosporales using morphology and a phylogenetic approach based on LSU and SSU sequence data. Members of Comoclathris are mainly saprobic on the wood and stems of plants (Ariyawansa et al. 2014). Comoclathris arrhenatheri was recorded on dead aerial tissues of Arrhenatherum elatius from Italy (Thambugala et al. 2017). The ascomata of Comoclathris are scattered or loosely aggregated on host plants. The ascomata are leathery, black and usually immersed with a circular aperture [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 110 Coniella   Coniella Höhn. Citation when using the entry: Senanayake et al., in prep – Diaporthomycetidae. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig. 1. Coniella was introduced by Höhnel (1918) with the type species Coniella pulchella Höhn. Petrak & Sydow (1927) divided the genus into two subgenera, Euconiella and Pseudoconiella, and introduced another asexual genus for Schizoparme Shear, and Pilidiella Petr. & Syd. Following the proposal of Castlebury et al. (2002), Rossman et al. (2007) transferred the genus from Melanconidiaceae to the newly introduced family Schizoparmaceae in Diaporthales. Coniella has been subjected to several comprehensive taxonomic refinements by several morpho-molecular studies (Castlebury et al. 2002, Van Niekerk et al. 2004, Rossman et al. 2007, Alvarez et al. 2016). Alvarez et al. (2016) synonymized both Pilidiella and Schizoparme under Coniella, and the latter was accepted as the only genus in Schizoparmaceae. Members of Coniella [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 95 Conioscypha   Conioscypha Höhn. Citation when using this entry: Mukhopadhyay et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Savoryellomycetidae and ascomycete terminology. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1. Höhnel (1908) established the dematiaceous hyphomycete genus Conioscypha (Shearer 1973), with C. lignicola as the type species from submerged Carpinus wood in Austria. Conioscypha has compact and erumpent colonies with immersed, hyaline to sub-hyaline branched and septate hyphae. Conidiogenous cells arise laterally or terminally on the hyphae, are enteroblastic, hyaline, and short-stalked. Conidia are one-celled, dark-brown, variable in shape, smooth-walled, and have a scar at the point of secession (Shearer 1973). Shearer (1973) also introduced another species C. varia Shearer, from balsa wood, which morphologically differs from C. lignicola by having smaller, more elongated, thinner-walled conidia which are more variable in shape as compared to C. [...]

Fungalpedia - Note 196, Conocybe    Conocybe Fayod    Citation if using this entry: Bera et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Basidiomycota 1.  Index Fungorum, MycoBank, Facesoffungi, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Bolbitiaceae, Agaricales, Agaricomycetes, Basidiomycota, Fungi The name “Conocybe” is derived from the Greek words "cono," meaning cone, and "cybe," meaning head, referring to its characteristic conical shape of pileus. Belonging to the Bolbitiaceae, Conocybe can be distinguished from the other genera of this family by the presence of the non-plicate-sulcate pileus margin and lecythiform or capitate cheilocystidia (Amandeep et al. 2015). Members of this genus have small to medium-statured slender basidiomata which generally dwell on a wide range of substrates like on soil or dunes, decayed woods or dung, or even associated with plant remains (Singer 1986, Pegler 1977, 1983, 1986, Amandeep et al. 2015). However, the preferred habitat of Conocybe is fertile soils [...]

Fungalpedia – Note 85 Coprotaceae   Coprotaceae U. Lindem. & Van Vooren Citation when using this entry: Li CJY et al., in prep – Fungalpedia, Discomycetes 1. Mycosphere. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1 Based on multiple-gene analyses of LSU, tef1 and rpb2 sequence data by Hansen et al. (2013), Boubovia Svrček and Coprotus Korf & Kimbr. formed a sister lineage to Ascodesmidaceae J. Schröt. Despite previous results, Jaklitsch et al. (2016) and Ekanayaka et al. (2018) suggested integrating them into Ascodesmidaceae. Following subsequent analyses by Lindemann et al. (2019), Van Vooren (2021) erected Coprotaceae to accommodate them. Coprotaceae species are usually found on dung of herbivores and omnivorous animals, rarely on soil, duff and rotten leaves (Kušan et al. 2018). They are found in eastern and southwestern Asia, Europe, and the USA (Kušan et al. 2018). There are 35 species in Coprotaceae, including 28 Boubovia species and [...]

Fungalpedia Note 338, Coprotus    Coprotus Kimbrough and Korf Citation when using this entry: Thilanga et al. 2024 (in prep) – Fungalpedia, Dung Fungi. Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, Mycobank, GenBank, Fig. 1 Classification: Incertae sedis, Pezizales, Pezizomycetidae, Pezizomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi. Coprotus was validated by Kimbrough & Korf (1967), encompassing certain species of Ascophanus and Ryparobius Boud.  Coprotus was placed in the tribe Theleboleae (family Pezizaceae) by Kimbrough & Korf (1967). The species of this genus are saprobic in the dung of various wild and domestic animals, mainly herbivores. Coprotus is characterized by oblate to lenticular or discoid, glabrous, translucent, or whitish to yellow apothecia with a coprophilous ecology. Anamorph is not known. Asci are functionally operculate, non-amyloid, eight- to 256-spored, producing hyaline, smooth, eguttulate ascospores containing gaseous inclusions referred to as de bary bubbles when placed in anhydrous conditions. Paraphyses are present. They [...]