Fungalpedia – Note 2549, Xylariales

 

Xylariales. Nannf.

Citation when using this data: Boonmee S et al. 2021 – Fungalpedia.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank

Classification: Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.

 

Notes: Xylariomycetidae consists of two main orders, namely Amphisphaeriales and Xylariales. Xylariales was considered the second largest order among the Sordariomycetes and a detailed description is provided by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016) and Hyde et al. (2020b). This order has been revised based on both morphology and phylogenetic data and many families were either newly introduced or transferred (Hongsanan et al. 2017; Daranagama et al. 2018; Voglmayr et al. 2018; Wendt et al. 2018). Currently, 148 genera (Wijayawardene et al. 2020) are accepted in Xylariales, which are distributed in 22 families and 12 families incertae sedis. Similarly, Cainiaceae and Calceomyces were placed in Xylariomycetidae incertae sedis. Major contributions in the order Xylariales such as monographs, checklists and keys along with detailed descriptions and illustrations were provided by different mycologists (Miller 1961; Lowen 1991; Petrini 2013; Stadler et al. 2014; Shang et al. 2018; Niranjan and Sarma 2020; Hyde et al 2020a). In the recent times chemotaxonomic inputs have been widely used in Hypoxylaceae (Kuhnert et al. 2017a, b; Helaly et al. 2018; Wendt et al. 2018; Becker et al. 2020), while other mycologists made molecular taxonomy and morphological observations in the order Xylariales including the establishment of a web portal (Niranjan and Sarma 2018; Wijayawardene et al. 2017, 2018; Basnet et al. 2019; Bundhun et al. 2020; Hyde et al. 2020a; Stadler et al. 2020). 

Type family: Xylariaceae Tul. & C. Tul. [as ‘Xylariei‘], Select. fung. carpol. (Paris) 2: 3 (1863).

 

References

Basnet BB, Chen B, Suleimen YM, Ma K, Guo S, Bao L, Huang Y, Liu H 2019 – Cytotoxic secondary metabolites from the endolichenic fungus Hypoxylon fuscum. Planta Med 13:1088–1097.

Becker K, Wessel AC, Luangsa-ard JJ, Stadler M 2020 – Viridistratins A−C, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Benzo [j] fluoranthenes from Stromata of Annulohypoxylon viridistratum (Hypoxylaceae, Ascomycota). Biomolecules 10:1–11.

Bundhun D, Maharachchikumbura SS, Jeewon R, Senanayake IC, Jaya wardena RS, Hongsanan S 2020 – a platform for the identifica tion, ranking. Asian J Mycol 3:13–21. 

Daranagama DA, Hyde KD, Sir EB, Thambugala KM, Tian Q, Samarakoon MC, McKenzie EHC, Jayasiri SC, Tibpromma S, Bhat JD, Liu XZ, Stadler M 2018 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Graphostromataceae, Hypoxylaceae, Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae. Fungal Divers 88:1–165.

Helaly SE, Thongbai B, Stadler M 2018 – Diversity of biologically active secondary metabolites from endophytic and sapro trophic fungi of the ascomycete order Xylariales. Nat Prod Rep 35:992–1014 

Hongsanan S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Samarakoon MC, Jeewon R, Zhao Q, Al-Sadi AM, Bahkali AH 2017 – An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Divers 84:25–41.

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Kuhnert E, Sir EB, Lambert C, Hyde KD, Hladki AI, Romero AI, Rohde M, Stadler M 2017a – Phylogenetic and chemotaxonomic resolution of the genus Annulohypoxylon (Xylariaceae) including four new species. Fungal Divers 85:1–43.

Kuhnert E, Surup F, Halecker S, Stadler M 2017b – Minutellins A-D, azaphilones from the stromata of Annulohypoxylon minutellum (Xylariaceae). Phytochemistry 137:66–71.

Lowen R 1991 – A monograph of the genera Nectriella, nitschke and Pronectria clements with reference to Charonectria, Cryptonectriella, Hydronectria and Pseudonectria. Ph.D. Thesis, City University of New York 

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Miller JH 1961 – A monograph of the world species of Hypoxylon. University of Georgia Press, Athens, p 158.

Niranjan M, Sarma VV 2018 – Twelve new species of Ascomycetous fungi from Andaman Islands. Kavaka 50:84–97.

Niranjan M, Sarma VV 2020 – Diatrype: new records from Andaman Islands and a checklist from India. MycoAsia 2020/02.

Petrini LE 2013 – Rosellinia-a World Monograph. Bibl Mycol 205:1–410.

Shang QJ, Hyde KD, Jeewon R, Khan S, Promputtha I, Phookamsak R 2018 – Morpho-molecular characterization of Peroneutypa (Diatrypaceae, Xylariales) with two novel species from Thailand. Phytotaxa 356:1–8.

Stadler M, Læssøe T, Fournier J, Decock C, Schmieschek B, Tichy HV, Peršoh D 2014 – A polyphasic taxonomy of Daldinia (Xylariaceae). Stud Mycol 77:1–143.

Stadler M, Lambert C, Wibberg D, Kalinowski J, Cox RJ, Kolařík M, Kuhnert E 2020 – Intragenomic polymorphisms in the ITS region of high-quality genomes of the Hypoxylaceae (Xylariales, Ascomycota). Mycol Prog 19:235–245.

Voglmayr H, Friebes G, Gardiennet A, Jaklitsch WM 2018 – Barrmaelia and Entosordaria in Barrmaeliaceae (fam. nov., Xylariales) and critical notes on Anthostomella-like genera based on multigene phylogenies. Mycol Prog 17:155–177.

Wendt L, Sir EB, Kuhnert E, Heitkamper S, Lambert C, Hladki AI, Romero AI, Luangsa-ard JJ, Srikitikulchai P, Peršoh D, Stadler M 2018 – Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales. Mycol Prog 17:115–154.

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Entry by

Saranyaphat Boonmee, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand

 

Published online 6 June 2026

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