Fungalpedia – Note 3143, Xanthonectriaceae
Xanthonectriaceae R.H. Perera, E.B.G. Jones, Maharachch., & K.D. Hyde, fam. nov.
Citation when using this data: Perera RH et al. 2023 – Fungalpedia.
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.
Classification: Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Dikarya, Fungi.
Saprobic on dead plant material in terrestrial or freshwater habitats, plant pathogenic. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, superficial, astromatic, solitary or in groups, sometimes fused, globose, pale yellow to bright yellow or bright orange, KOH-, LA-, surface glabrous. Paraphyses filamentous, containing orange, oily droplets. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, fusiform to clavate, apex without an apical ring. Ascospores long fusiform, 3–9 septate, hyaline, spinulose. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous, acremonium-like, simple conidiophores arising from hyphae or sporodochial. Conidiophores arising from hyphae macronematous, mononematous, unbranched, straight or flexuous, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidiogenous cells monophialidic, terminal, with unflared collarette, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia aseptate, narrowly ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, held in small slimy drop at tip of phialide or as a dry chain. Sporodochial conidiophores fasciculate, arising from hyphae. Conidiogenous cells without collarette. Conidia aseptate, narrowly ellipsoidal to subcylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled, held in large slimy drops.
Notes: Here we introduce a new family Xanthonectriaceae to accommodate Xanthonectria and Bullanockia, which were previously placed in Bionectriaceae. No sexual morph was recorded for Bullanockia, and both Xanthonectria and Bullanockia produce acremonium-like asexual morphs (Crous et al. 2016a; Lechat et al. 2016a). In the phylogenetic analysis of Voglmayr and Jaklitsch (2019) Xanthonectria and Bullanockia formed a basal clade in Bionectriaceae sister to Kallichroma and Ijuhya. That results indicate the distant phylogenetic relationship of Xanthonectria and Bullanockia to Bionectriaceae. Xanthonectriaceae formed a monophyletic clade sister to Flammocladiellaceae, Kallichroma and Ijuhya with high statistical support (90% MLBT, Perera RH et al. 2023). In this study Kallichroma and Ijuhya are considered as a distinct family (Perera RH et al. 2023).
Type genus: Xanthonectria J. Fourn. & P.-A. Moreau.
Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Xanthonectriaceae.
References
Entry by
Perera RH, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, P. R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.
Published online 17 September 2026