Fungalpedia – Note 2440, Vikalpa
Vikalpa. M.J. D’souza, Boonmee, Bhat & K.D. Hyde.
Citation when using this data: Dong W et al. 2020 – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1
Classification: Dictyosporiaceae, Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi
Saprobic on submerged wood in freshwater and decaying wood, leaves in terrestrial habitats. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiomata sporodochial, punctiform or effuse, scattered to gregarious, superficial, pale brown to dark brown, with or without a mucilage, inconspicuous covering. Mycelium immersed, composed of branched, septate, subhyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled hyphae. Conidiophores micronematous, aseptate, hyaline to pale brown. Conidiogenous cells holoblastic, integrated, terminal, determinate, cylindrical to doliiform. Conidia acrogenous, solitary, dry, cheiroid, pale brown, smooth-walled, euseptate or distoseptate, consisting of three rows of cells arised parallel on a truncate basal cell, closely compacted, non-complanate, with or without appendages (Boonmee et al. 2016).
Notes: Vikalpa was introduced for one new species and three new combinations transferred from Dictyosporium (Boonmee et al. 2016). Vikalpa has non-complanate conidia consisting of three rows of cells arising parallel on a truncate basal cell, while Dictyosporium has complanate conidia with several unparallel rows of cells (Boonmee et al. 2016). The placement of Vikalpa was unstable, as it clustered basal to Dictyosporium in Boonmee et al. (2016), but distant from Dictyosporium (Yang et al. 2018). The freshwater species V. lignicola M.J. D’souza et al. was introduced based on its 3 rows and non-complanate conidia, but without molecular evidence (Boonmee et al. 2016).
Type species: Vikalpa australiensis (B. Sutton) M.J. D’souza, Boonmee & K.D. Hyde
Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Vikalpa.
Figure 1 – Vikalpa lignicola (Material examined: CHINA, Yunnan Province, Dali, Cangshan Mountain, Xue Shan Stream, on decaying wood submerged in the stream, 11 August 2014, Z.L. Luo, XS-69-2, MFLU 15-1506, holotype). a, b Colonies on submerged wood. c–g Conidia. Scale bars: c, g = 15 μm, d–f = 10 μm
References
Entry by
Wei Dong, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China
Published online 22 May 2026