Stilbochaeta

Fungalpedia – Note 2846, Stilbochaeta

Stilbochaeta. Réblová & Hern.-Restr.

Citation when using this data: Wenping W et al. 2022 – Fungalpedia.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1

Classification: Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Colonies effuse, hairy, brown, composed of setae and conidiophores, occasionally ascomata. Teleomorph: Ascomata perithecial, non-stromatic, superficial, globose to subglobose, papillate, dark brown, setose; setae sterile, rounded at the apex. Ostiole periphysate. Ascomatal wall fragile, carbonaceous, two-layered. Paraphyses disappearing with age, septate, tapering, longer than the asci. Asci unitunicate, cylindrical-clavate, shortly-stipitate, apically rounded, ascal apex with a non-amyloid apical annulus. Ascospores fusiform, hyaline, transversely septate, without gelatinous sheath or appendages. Anamorph: Setae grow singly or in groups, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, brown, unbranched, apex sterile, bluntly rounded, sometimes with a terminal or several lateral phialidic openings. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, single or grow in fascicles, erect, straight or flexuous to slightly undulating, unbranched, septate, smooth, brown, paler toward the apex. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal, mono- or poly-phialidic, extending percurrently and sympodially, paler than the conidiophores; collarettes flared, funnel-shaped, often slightly stipitate or tubular near the base. Conidia falcate, oblong-falcate, ellipsoidal-fusiform, curved, tapering toward both ends, slightly truncate at the base, with an inconspicuous basal scar, 0–1(–3)-septate, hyaline, with a straight or gently curved setula at each end, setulae simple, bifid or trifid, inserted terminally at the apex and subterminally at the base, conidia accumulate in slimy fascicles (Adapted from Réblová et al. 2021b).

Ecology/Substrate/Host: Saprobe on dead material of plants.

Ecological distribution: Africa, Asia, the Caribbean and South America (Réblová et al. 2021a).

Description and illustration: Réblová et al. (2021b).

Notes: Stilbochaeta is a recently established genus for eight species of Codinaea s. lat. with shorter conidiophores in clusters with longer setae, and septate conidia with simple or branched setulae (Réblová et al. 2021b). The eight accepted species are Stilbochaeta aquatica, S. brevisetula, S. cangshanensis, S. malaysiana, S. novae-guineensis, S. ramulosetula, S. septata. and S. submersa. In our phylogenetic analysis, a total of 10 species formed the strongly supported Stilbochaeta clade, including Stilbochaeta aquatica, S. cangshanensis, S. septata and S. submersa and 6 undescribed species. All these species share the morphology similarity with the type species of Stilbochaeta, such as presence of fertile or sterile setae (except for one undescribed species), short conidiophores clustered with setae, terminal monophialidic or polyphialidic conidiogenous cell with funnel-shaped collarette, and hyaline, septate, falcate to fusiform conidia bearing setulae at each end. None of these species is known with teleomorph. Morphologically it is closely related to some Codinaea species with clustered setae and conidiophores, but differs from it by septate conidia. Apart from the eight accepted species, here we add another five new species to the genus and ITS barcodes are provided for all of them.

Several known species with septate conidia bearing setulae might belong to this genus, including Codinaea jingenglingensis, Codinaea matsushimae, Dictyochaeta caatingae, D. macrospora, D. variablilis, Codinaea state of Chaetosphaeria dingleyae (Hughes and Kendrick 1968; Matsushima 1971; Hewings and Crane 1981; Kuthubutheen 1987a,b,c,d ; Crous et al. 1990; Kuthubutheen and Nawawi 1991a,b,c,d,e, Kuthubutheen et al. 1992; Whitton et al. 2000; Xia et al. 2015; Cruz et al. 2008; Réblová et al. 2021b).

Living strains of many studied species were also studied on PDA, some characters such as growth rate, pigments etc can be used as additional characters to delimit the species.

Type species: Stilbochaeta malaysiana (Kuthub.) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., in Réblová, Kolařík, Nekvindová, Réblová, Sklenář, Miller, Hernández-Restrepo, J. Fungi 7(12, no. 1097): 76 (2021)

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Stilbochaeta.

Figure 1 – Stilbochaeta malaysiana (Wu16288). a–d Setae and conidiophores in cluster. e, f Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells bearing funnelshaped collarettes. g–k Conidia. Scale bar: a–d 20 μm, e–k 10 μm.

References

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Koch SH 1990 – New and interesting records of South African fungi × new records of Eucalyptus leaf fungi. S Afr J Bot 56:583–586.

Cruz ACR, Leão-Ferreira SM, Barbosa FR, Gusmão LFP 2008 – Conidial fungi from semi-arid Caatinga biome of Brazil. New and interesting Dictyochaeta species. Mycotaxon 106:15–27.

Hewings AD, Crane JL 1981 – The genus Codinaea. Three new species from the Americas. Mycotaxon 13:419–427.

Hughes SJ, Kendrick WB 1968 – New Zealand fungi 12 Menispora, Codinaea, Menisporopsis. N Z J Bot 6:323–375.

Kuthubutheen AJ 1987a – A new synnematous Dictyochaeta from Malaysia. Trans Br Mycol Soc 89:411–414.

Kuthubutheen AJ 1987b – Another new species of Cryptophiale from Malaysia. Trans Br Mycol Soc 89:274–278.

Kuthubutheen AJ 1987c – Paliphora porosa sp. nov. on leaf litter from Malaysia. Trans Br Mycol Soc 89:270–273.

Kuthubutheen AJ 1987d – Two new species of Dictyochaeta from Malaysia. Trans Bri Mycol Soc 89:353–358.

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A 1991a – A key to Dictyochaeta and Codinaea species. Mycol Res 95:1224–1229.

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A 1991b – Three new species of Dictyochaeta with non-setose conidiophores and non-septate setulate conidia from Malaysia. Mycol Res 95:104–107.

Kuthubutheen AJ, Nawawi A 1991c – Dictyochaeta guadalcanalensis comb nov and several new records of the genus in Malaysia. Mycol Res 95:1220–1223.