Sporidesmium

Fungalpedia – Note 889, Sporidesmium

 

Sporidesmium. Link, Mag.

Citation when using this data: Dong W et al. 2021 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank., Fig 1

Classification: Incertae sedis, Incertae sedis, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Sporidesmium is broadly characterized by solitary or gregarious conidiophores, monoblastic conidiogenous cells, and pale brown to brown, cylindrical, fusiform, obclavate, obpyriform, sometimes rostrate conidia with hyaline apex and truncate base (Ellis 1971, Su et al. 2016). These morphological characteristics are common in asexual hyphomycetes, which result in almost 500 epithets in Sporidesmium (Index Fungorum 2021). Based on morphological characteristics of conidiophores, conidiogenous cells and conidia, some new genera were segregated from Sporidesmium, e.g. Distoseptispora, Ellisembia, Repetophragma and Sporidesmiella (Subramanian 1992, Hernandez-Gutierrez & Sutton 1997, Su et al. 2016). Ellisembia, however, previously segregated from Sporidesmium due to the distoseptate conidia, is now synonymized with Sporidesmium based on molecular evidence (Su et al. 2016). The polyphyletic nature of Sporidesmium has been shown based on phylogenetic analyses (Shenoy et al. 2006, Yang et al. 2018, Liu et al. 2019). 

Sequence data of the type species Sporidesmium ehrenbergii is lacking. Several Sporidesmium species, which were confirmed by molecular data, are represented as Sporidesmium sensu stricto, and this is accepted by Su et al. (2016) and Yang et al. (2018). Sporidesmium sensu lato species were scattered in Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetidae and Xylariomycetidae, and some clustered with Papulosaceae in Diaporthomycetidae (Yang et al. 2018). Sexual morph of Sporidesmium, S. thailandense, was first reported by Zhang et al. (2017) based on molecular data, and re-collected by Yang et al. (2018). Luo et al. (2019) reported the second sexual morph S. lignicola, which differs from S. thailandense in having smaller asci and aseptate, smaller ascospores. The morphological characteristics of sexual morphs, such as immersed ascomata with neck erumpent through host substrate, cylindrical asci with a distinct, refractive, wedge-shaped, apical ring, and fusiform, hyaline ascospores, are similar to Annulatascus (Annulatascaceae) and Fluminicola (Papulosaceae).

The asexual morphs of Sporidesmium are commonly found in freshwater in China and Thailand (Su et al. 2016, Yang et al. 2018, Luo et al. 2019). We introduce two new species in Sporidesmium which were collected from submerged wood in Thailand. Phylogenetic analysis places them in Sporidesmium sensu stricto. The information of many Sporidesmium species are lost as they were published since in 1800s or early 1900s. Therefore, the new species are introduced based on available literature and molecular data.

Type species: Sporidesmium ehrenbergii M.B. Ellis

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Sporidesmium.

 

 

Figure 1 – Sporidesmium appendiculatum (MFLU 18-0981, holotype). a, b Colonies on submerged wood. c–f Conidiophores with conidia (e, f materials stained with Congo red). g Conidiophores. h–i Conidia (h two overlapping conidia). Scale bars: c, d, g = 15 μm, e, f = 20 μm, h, i = 10 μm.

 

References

Ellis MB 1971 – Dematiaceous hyphomycetes. Commonwealth Mycological Institute, Kew, Surrey, England

Hernandez-Gutierrez A, Sutton BC. 1997 – Imimyces and Linkosia, two new genera segregated from Sporidesmium sensu lato, and redescription of Polydesmus. Mycological Research 101, 201–209.

Index Fungorum. 2021 – http://www.indexfungorum.org/names/Names.asp. (Retrieved on January 10, 2021)

Liu LL, Yang J, Liu NG, Chen YY et al. 2019 – Sporidesmium guizhouense sp. nov. (Sordariomycetes incertae sedis), a new species from a freshwater habitat in Guizhou Province, China. Phytotaxa 422, 144–156.

Luo ZL, Hyde KD, Liu JK, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2019 – Freshwater Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 99, 451–660.

Shenoy BD, Jeewon R, Wu WP, Bhat DJ, Hyde KD. 2006 – Ribosomal and RPB2 DNA sequence analyses suggest that Sporidesmium and morphologically similar genera are polyphyletic. Mycological Research 110, 916–928.

Su HY, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Ariyawansa HA et al. 2016 – The families Distoseptisporaceae fam. nov., Kirschsteiniotheliaceae, Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae, with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province, China. Fungal Diversity 80, 375–409.

Subramanian CV. 1992 – A reassessment of Sporidesmium (Hyphomycetes) and some related taxa. Proceedings of the Indian National Science Academy B58 4, 179–190.

Yang J, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Liu JK, Hyde KD et al. 2018 – Pseudostanjehughesia aquitropica gen. et sp. nov. and Sporidesmium sensu lato species from freshwater habitats. Mycological Progress 17, 591–616.

Zhang H, Dong W, Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN et al. 2017 – Towards a natural classification of Annulatascaceae-like taxa: introducing Atractosporales ord. nov. and six new families. Fungal Diversity 85, 75–110.

 

Entry by

Wei Dong, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science & Technology, Kunming 650500, China, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Center of Excellence for Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Innovative Institute for Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China

 

Published online 15 February 2021

Back to Glossary Index Page