Fungalpedia – Note 2467, Splanchnonema
Splanchnonema Corda
Citation when using this data: Dong W et al. 2020 – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.
Classification: Pleomassariaceae, Pleosporales, Pleosporomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi
Saprobic on wood or lichens in terrestrial or submerged wood in freshwater habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata medium to large, solitary or scattered, immersed in a pseudostroma or superficial, uniloculate, globose to flattened subglobose, lobate to generally reniform, dark brown to black, with a small ostiole appearing on the host surface, sometimes carbonized at the whole upper. Peridium thin. Pseudoparaphyses dense, cellular, hyaline, septate, anastomosing and branching, embedded in a matrix. Asci 8-spored, bitunicate, fissitunicate, clavate to broadly cylindrical, short pedicellate. Ascospores uni- to bi-seriate, clavate with a rounded apex and acute base, or obovoid, reddish brown, septate, constricted at the septa, usually asymmetrical, thin-walled, with or without sheath (Zhang et al. 2012b; Aptroot and Moon 2014). Asexual morph: Myxocyclus Riess, Stegonsporium Corda (Barr 1982; Sivanesan 1984), Macrodiplodiopsis Petr. (Glawe 1985) and Helminthosporium Link (Subramanian and Sekar 1987).
Notes: Splanchnonema, an old genus, comprises over 40 epithets in Index Fungorum (2020). Pleomassaria was treated as a synonym of Splanchnonema (Barr 1993), but not accepted by some authors (Zhang et al. 2012b). Pleomassaria was suppressed and replaced by Prosthemium Kunze (Wijayawardene et al. 2014) based on the phylogenetic results where the type species of both genera (P. siparia (Berk. & Broome) Sacc. and P. betulinum Kunze) grouped together in a monophyletic clade (Tanaka et al. 2010). Splanchnonema was accepted as a member of Pleomassariaceae based on phylogeny (Hyde et al. 2013; Liu et al. 2015) and followed by Wijayawardene et al. (2018, 2020). The asexual morphs of this genus are generally coelomycetous although some are hyphomycetous (Subramanian and Sekar 1987), but not shown by molecular data.
The freshwater species S. britzelmayrianum (Rehm) Boise is characterized by spherical ascomata with a short papilla, cylindric-clavate asci, and obovoid, brown, 7–8-septate, minutely punctate ascospores (Boise 1985). The phylogenetic placement of S. britzelmayrianum in Splanchnonema needs to be confirmed with molecular data.
Type species: Splanchnonema pustulatum Corda.
Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Splanchnonema.
References
Aptroot A, Moon KH 2014 – 114 new reports of microlichens from Korea, including the description of five new species, show that the microlichen flora is predominantly Eurasian. Herzogia 27:347–366.
Barr ME 1982 – On the Pleomassariaceae (Pleosporales) in North America. Mycotaxon 15:349–383.
Barr ME 1993 – Notes on the Pleomassariaceae. Mycotaxon 49:129–142.
Boise J 1985 – New combinations in the Pleomassariaceae and the Massarinaceae. Mycotaxon 22:477–482.
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Entry by
Wei Dong, Faculty of Agriculture and Food, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650500, China, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Innovative Agriculture Research Center, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, China
Published online 15 May 2026
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