Fungalpedia – Note 1027, Rhinocladiella

 

Rhinocladiella. Nannf.

Citation when using this data: Tian Q et al. 2021 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank., Fig 1

Classification: Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic, pathogenic on a variety of plants, organs of humans. Vegetative hyphae branched, pale olivaceous brown, septate, smooth-walled. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous. Conidiophores absent or present, usually poorly differentiated from the vegetative hyphae, semimacronematous to macronematous, solitary, erect, branched or unbranched, subcylindrical, hyaline to brown, septate. Conidiogenous cells sympodial, with prominent denticles, terminal, cylindrical, pale olivaceous brown, septate. Conidia obovoid, ellipsoidal, subcylindrical to narrowly clavate, pale olivaceous to brown, aseptate, with an obtuse apex and a truncate base, with an inconspicuous conidial scar, smooth-walled. Chlamydospores absent or present. Yeast-like budding cells integrated, terminal, subcylindrical, pale brown, usually present in culture (de Hoog & Hermanides-Nijhof 1977).

Type material – Sweden, on the wood of Pinus sp. (Pinaceae) (Holotype). 

Notes – The black yeast-like genus was introduced by Melin & Nannfeldt (1934) with Rhinocladiella atrovirens Nannf. as the type species. This genus is characterized by differentiated, sympodial conidiophores with a denticulate rachis and elongate, aseptate conidia, sometimes with exophiala-like yeasts (de Hoog & Hermanides-Nijhof 1977). Species of Rhinocladiella are polyphyletic, and clustered with Exophiala sensu stricto and Capronia sensu stricto (Arzanlou et al. 2008, Pratibha & Prabhugaonkar 2015). Moreover, Rhinocladiella closely resembles other members of the melanized asexual morphs of Chaetothyriales that have sympodial conidiogenesis, especially the most common etiological agents of chromoblastomycosis, such as the species in Fonsecaea, Cladophialophora and Phialophora (Badali et al. 2010, González et al. 2013, Gomes et al. 2016).

Rhinocladiella has a rich range of ecological niches. Besides causing chromoblastomycosis, species of Rhinocladiella cause skin or organ infection, viz., R. aquaspersa, R. basitona (Badali et al. 2010, Cao et al. 2013). Members of Rhinocladiella also occur as saprobes on stems and twigs of a variety of plants, such as R. amoena, R. coryli and R. quercus (Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2016, Madrid et al. 2016). Currently, members of Rhinocladiella, Exophiala, Cladophialophora and Phialophora have been reported as asexual morphs of Capronia (Untereiner & Naveau 1999, Hernandez-Restrepo et al. 2016).

Type species: Rhinocladiella atrovirens Nannf., in Melin & Nannfeldt, Svensk Skogsvårdsförening Tidskr. 3-4: 461 (1934).

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Rhinocladiella.

 

image

 

Figure 1 – Rhinocladiella atrovirens (redrawn from Seifert et al. 2011). a, b Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells with conidia. c Conidia. Scale bars: a–c = 10 μm.

 

References

Arzanlou M, Groenewald JZ, Fullerton RA, Abeln ECA et al. 2008 – Multiple gene genealogies and phenotypic characters differentiate several novel species of Mycosphaerella and related anamorphs on banana. Persoonia 20, 19–37.

Badali H, Bonifaz A, Barrón-Tapia T, Vázquez-González D et al. 2010 – Rhinocladiella aquaspersa, proven agent of verrucous skin infection and a novel type of chromoblastomycosis. Medical Mycology 48(5), 696–703.

Cao F, Zhou J, Xu KX, Zhang MQ et al. 2013 – New cembranoid diterpene from the South China Sea soft coral Sarcophyton sp. Natural Product Communications 8, 1675–1678.

de Hoog GS, Hermanides-Nijhof EJ. 1977 – The black yeasts and allied Hyphomycetes. Studies in Mycology 15, 1–222.

Gomes RR, Vicente VA, Azevedo CMd, Salgado CG et al. 2016 – Molecular epidemiology of agents of human chromoblastomycosis in Brazil with the description of two novel species. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases 10(11), e0005102.

González GM, Rojas OC, González JG, Kang Y et al. 2013 – Chromoblastomycosis caused by Rhinocladiella aquaspersa. Medical mycology case reports 2, 148–51.

Hernandez-Restrepo M, Schumacher RK, Wingfield MJ, Ahmad I et al. 2016 – Fungal systematics and evolution: FUSE 2.

Melin E, Nannfeldt JA. 1934 – Researches into the blueing of ground woodpulp. Svenska Skogsvårdsföreningens Tidskrift 3–4, 397–616.

Pratibha J, Prabhugaonkar A. 2015 – New record of Thysanorea papuana from India. Mycosphere 6, 480–485.

Untereiner WA, Naveau FA. 1999 – Molecular systematics of the Herpotrichiellaceae with an assessment of the phylogenetic positions of Exophiala dermatitidis and Phialophora americana. Mycologia 91, 67–83.

 

Entry by

Qing Tian, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

 

Published online 16 December 2021 

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