Fungalpedia – Note 1938, Pleurostomataceae

 

Pleurostomataceae Réblová, L. Mostert, W. Gams & Crous

Citation when using this data: Hyde KD et al. 2020 – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.

Classification: Calosphaeriales, Diaporthomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic on wood or soil in terrestrial habitats, or in sewage or pathogen of humans causing subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, black, gregarious or scattered, superficial, stipitate, globose to subglobose, coriaceous, smooth, without setae, papillate; papilla positioned laterally. Peridium composed of two to four layers, outer layer comprising brown cells of textura intricata or epidermoidea, thick, coriaceous; inner layer comprising hyaline cells of textura prismatica or angularis, thin, membranaceous; sometimes middle layers comprised of two types of cells, forming thin-walled and brown cells of textura epidermoidea to in the outer part, merging with thin-walled and dark brown cells of textura angularis in the inner part, thick, coriaceous. Paraphyses numerous, hyaline, filamentous, early deliquescing. Asci polysporous, unitunicate, reniform or oval, with short pedicel or sessile, apical ring lacking. Ascospores 2–3- seriate, hyaline, oblong to allantoid, curved, aseptate, smooth-walled. Asexual morph: Mycelium composed of branched, septate, hyaline or brown hyphae. Conidiophores in vitro arising from aerial or submerged hyphae, hyaline, straight or flexuous, 0–2-septate, tuberculate or smoothwalled. Conidiogenous cells mono- or polyphialidic, cylindrical, hyaline, smooth-walled. Conidia aggregated in slimy droplets, hyaline, aseptate, oblong to allantoid, curved or straight, smooth, with or without guttules (adapted from Réblová et al. 2015b, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016b).

Notes: Pleurostomataceae was introduced by Réblová et al. (2004). The genus was placed in Calosphaeriales based on allantoid ascospores, ascogenous hyphae and other characteristics uniting members, as well analyses of SSU and LSU sequence data (Réblová et al. 2004). Berlese (1900) introduced Neoarcangelia with N. ootheca based on upright papillae on the ascomata. However, Barr (1985) maintained there were insufficient features to separate the species from Pleurostoma candollei and placed Neoarcangelia as the synonym of Pleurostoma (Höhnel 1918b, Barr 1985). Shear (1937) also reexamined Sphaeria ootheca, the basionym of P. ootheca from Virginia, and concluded the species was similar to P. candollei. Pleurostomophora was accepted as the asexual morph of Pleurostoma based on morphology and phylogenetic evidence (Réblová et al. 2004, Vijaykrishna et al. 2004, Najwa et al. 2012). However, only the life history of Pleurostoma ootheca has been experimentally verified and linked with Pleurostomophora ootheca. The asexual morph of P. candollei is undetermined, except for an illustration in the protologue showing a sporodochial conidiomata (Tulasne & Tulasne 1863). Réblová et al. (2015b) and Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015) reported that Pleurostoma and Pleurostomophora are congeneric as both genera constitute a strongly supported monophyletic clade in Pleurostomataceae in a multi-gene phylogenetic analysis. Réblová et al. (2015b) proposed Pleurostoma as the correct name for the genus following the principle of priority.

Type genus: Pleurostoma Tul. & C. Tul.

 

References

Barr ME, Boise JR. 1985 – A revision of Exarmidium (Ascomycetes). Mycotaxon 23, 233–240.

Berlese AN. 1900 – Icones Fungorum ad usum Sylloges Saccardianae adcommodatae. 3. Sphaeriaceae allantosporae. Cramer, Padova 3, 1–120.

Höhnel F von. 1919 – Fragmente zur Mykologie. (XXIII Mitteilung, Nr. 1154 bis 1188). Sitzungsberichte der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften Math.-naturw. Klasse Abt. I 128, 535–625.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2015 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72, 199–301.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016b – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.

Najwa AM, Sarah AA, Ahmed HFG, Sybren DH et al. 2012 – Pleurostomophora ochracea, a novel agent of human eumycetoma with yellow grains. J Clin Microbiol 50, 2987–2994.

Réblová M, Mostert L, Gams W, Crous PW. 2004 – New genera in the Calosphaeriales: Togniniella and its anamorph Phaeocrella, and Calosphaeriophora as anamorph of Calosphaeria. Studies in Mycology 50, 533–550.

Réblová M, Jaklitsch WM, Réblová K, Štěpánek V. 2015b – Phylogenetic reconstruction of the Calosphaeriales and Togniniales using five genes and predicted RNA secondary structures of ITS, and Flabellascus tenuirostris gen. et sp. nov. PloS one 10, e0144616.

Shear CL. 1937 – Mycological notes. I. Mycologia 29, 355–363.

Tulasne LR, Tulasne C. 1863 – Selecta Fungorum Carpologia, Tomus Secundus. Xylariei Valsei Sphaeriei 2, 1–319.

Vijaykrishna D, Mostert L, Jeewon R, Gams W et al. 2004 – Pleurostomophora, an anamorph of Pleurostoma (Calosphaeriales), a new anamorph genus morphologically similar to Phialophora. Stud Mycol 50, 387–395.

 

Entry by

Kevin David Hyde, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, P.R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China

 

Published online 5 March 2026

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