Fungalpedia – Note 781, Linocarpon

 

Linocarpon. Syd. & P. Syd.

Citation when using this data: Karimi O et al. 2025 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank., Fig 1

Classification: Linocarpaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Linocarpon was introduced by Sydow & Sydow (1917) and typified by Li. pandani. Currently, there are 45 accepted Linocarpon species listed in Species Fungorum (2024). Linocarpon is a saprobic genus found on plant materials (Konta et al. 2017). Most Linocarpon species have been collected from hosts in the families Pandanaceae and Arecaceae. However, Linocarpon has also been reported from other hosts, including Zingiberaceae, Poaceae, Fabaceae, Fagaceae, Euphorbiaceae, and Smilacaceae (Sydow & Sydow 1917, Petrak 1952, Petrak & Deighton 1952, Hansford 1954, Petrak 1956, Schrantz 1960, Turner 1971, Pirozynski 1972, Liu 1977, Barr 1978, Sivanesan & Hsieh 1989, Hyde 1992, Hyde 1997, 1988b, Dulymamode et al. 1998, Hsieh et al. 1998, Hyde & Alias 1999, Fröhlich & Hyde 2000, Lu et al. 2000, Zhuang 2001, Taylor & Hyde 2003, Huhndorf et al. 2004, Miller & Huhndorf 2005, Pinruan et al. 2007, Konta et al. 2017). Linocarpon species have been recorded from various locations worldwide, including Australia, Brazil, Brunei, China, Ecuador, India, Malaysia, Mauritius, Papua New Guinea, Thailand, Tanzania, the Philippines, Sierra Leone, Indonesia, and the United States (Hyde 1992, Hyde 1997, 1988b, Konta et al. 2017, Konta et al. 2023). To date, three species of this genus (Li. elaeidis, Li. livistonae, Li. pandani) have been reported from peat swamp forests (Pinnoi et al. 2006, Pinuruan et al. 2007). In this study, we report Li. appendiculatum as a new record from the peat swamp forest in Narathiwat, Thailand.

Type species: Linocarpon pandani Syd. & P. Syd., Annls mycol. 15(3/4): 210 (1917)

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Linocarpon.

 

image

 

Figure 1 – Linocarpon appendiculatum (MFLU 24-0513, new host record). a Host. b, c Colonies on the host substrate. d A vertical section through an ascoma. e–g Asci. h, i Ascospore j The apex of ascus stained in the Melzer’s reagent. k Paraphyses. l, m Colonies on the PDA. Scale bars: b, c = 250 μm, d = 80 μm, e–g = 35 μm, h, i = 25 μm, j, k = 5 μm.

 

References

Barr ME. 1978 – The Diaportha1es in North America with emphasis on Gnomonia and its segregates. Mycologia Memoirs 7, 1–232

Dulymamode R, Cannon PF, Peerally A. 1998 – Fungi from Mauritius: Linocarpon species on Pandanus. Mycological Research 102, 1331–1337.

Fröhlich J, Hyde KD. 2000 – Palm microfungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, 1–393 .

Hansford CG. 1954 – Australian Fungi. II. New species and revisions. Proceedings of the Linnean Society of New South Wales 79, 97–141.

Hsieh WH, Chen CY, Sivanesan A. 1998 – Six new ascomycetes from Taiwan. Mycological Research 102, 228–234.

Huhndorf SM, Miller AN, Fernández FA. 2004 – Molecular systematics of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined. Mycologia 96, 368–387.

Hyde KD, Alias SA. 1999 – Linocarpon angustatum sp. nov. and Neolinocarpon nypicola sp. nov. from petioles of Nypa fruticans, and a list of fungi from aerial parts of this host. Mycoscience 40, 145–149.

Hyde KD. 1988b – The genus Linocarpon from the mangrove palm Nypa fruticans. Transactions of the Mycological Society of Japan. 29, 338–350.

Hyde KD. 1992 – Fungi from palms I. The genus Linocarpon, a revision. Sydowia 44, 32–54.

Hyde KD. 1997 – Additions to the genus Linocarpon (ascomycetes: Hyponectriaceae). Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 123, 109–131.

Konta S, Hongsanan S, Eungwanichayapant PD, Liu JK et al. 2017 – Leptosporella (Leptosporellaceae fam. nov.) and Linocarpon and Neolinocarpon (Linocarpaceae fam. nov.) are accommodated in Chaetosphaeriales. Mycosphere 8, 1943–1974. 

Konta S, Tibpromma S, Karunarathna SC, Samarakoon MC et al. 2023 – Morphology and multigene phylogeny reveal ten novel taxa in Ascomycota from terrestrial palm substrates (Arecaceae) in Thailand. Mycosphere 14, 107–152.

Liu PSW. 1977 – A supplement to a host list of plant diseases in Sabah, Malaysia. Phytopathological Papers 21, 1–49.

Lu B, Hyde KD, Ho WH, Tsui KM et al. 2000 – Checklist of Hong Kong Fungi. Fungal Diversity Press, Hong Kong, 207 pages.

Miller AN, Huhndorf SM. 2005 – Multi-gene phylogenies indicate ascomal wall morphology is a better predictor of phylogenetic relationships than ascospore morphology in the Sordariales (Ascomycota, Fungi). Molecular phylogenetics and evolution 35, 60–75.

Petrak F, Deighton FC. 1952 – Beiträge zur Pilzflora von Sierra Leone. Sydowia 6, 309–322.

Petrak F. 1952 – Über die Gattungen Gaeumannomyces v. Arx et Olivier, Halophiobolus Linder und Linocarpon Syd. Sydowia 6, 383–388

Pinnoi A, Lumyong S, Hyde KD, Jones EBG et al. 2006 – Biodiversity of fungi on the palm Eleiodoxa conferta in Sirindhorn peat swamp forest, Narathiwat, Thailand. Fungal Diversity 22, 205–218.

Pinruan U, Hyde KD, Lumyong S, McKenzie EHC, Jones EBG 2007 − Occurrence of fungi on tissues of the peat swamp palm Licuala longicalycata. Fungal Diversity 25: 157−173

Pirozynski KA. 1972 – Microfungi of Tanzania. I. Miscellaneous fungi on oil palm. Mycological Papers 129, 1–39.

Schrantz JP. 1960 – Recherches sur les pyrénomycètes de l’ordre des Diatrypales sensu Chadefaud. Bulletin de la Société Mycologique de France 76, 305–340.

Sydow H, Sydow P. 1917 – Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Pilzflora der Philippinen-Inseln. Annales Mycologici 15(3/4), 165–268.

Taylor JE, Hyde KD. 2003 – Microfungi of tropical and temperate palms. Fungal Diversity Research Series 12, 1–459.

Turner PD. 1971 – Microorganisms associated with oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.). Phytopathological Papers 14, 1–58.

Zhuang WY, ed. 2001 – Higher Fungi of Tropical China. Mycotaxon, Ltd., Ithaca, NY, 485.

 

Entry by

Omid Karimi, State Key Laboratory of Discovery and Utilization of Functional Components in Traditional Chinese Medicine & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou Medical University, Guian New District, Guizhou 550004, China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

 

Published online 28 July 2025

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