Fungalpedia – Note 2927, Halonectria
Halonectria E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 48(2): 287 (1965).
Citation when using this data: Perera RH et al. 2023 – Fungalpedia.
Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.
Classification Bionectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.
Saprobic on submerged wood in marine habitats. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, completely or partially immersed in the substrate, solitary or gregarious, globose to subglobose, thin membranous, bright orange to orange brown, with long necks protruding from the wood, lacking setae, KOH-. Paraphyses lacking. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, deliquescing at maturity. Ascospores mostly fusiform, occasionally lunate or falcate, aseptate, hyaline, guttulate, smooth-walled, without appendages. Asexual morph: Undetermined (adapted from Jones 1965; Rossman et al. 1999).
Known distribution: UK (Jones 1965)
Notes: Jones (1965) introduced Halonectria with the only species H. milfordensis isolated from submerged test blocks of Pinus sylvestris. Halonectria shares similar characteristics with Halosphaeriaceae but differs in having ascospores which lack appendages (Rossman et al. 1999). Halonectria milfordensis has immersed ascomata with elongated necks and long asepate ascospores, which are not common among hypocrealean fungi (Rossman et al. 1999). Rossman et al. (1999) accepted Halonectria in Bionectriaceae based on wall surface characteristics and KOH-negative ascomata. The holotype specimen of H. milfordensis (IMI 86722) is in poor condition for the study as there are no remaining fruiting structures. DNA sequence data are not available for H. milfordensis. Hence, this taxon needs to be recollected and sequenced to confirm the phylogenetic placement of the genus.
Type species: Halonectria milfordensis E.B.G. Jones, Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 48(2): 287 (1965).
Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Halonectria.
References
Rossman AY, Samuels GJ, Rogerson CT et al. 1999 — Genera of Bionectriaceae, Hypocreaceae and Nectriaceae (Hypocreales, Ascomycetes). Stud Mycol 42:1–248.
Entry by
Perera RH, Guizhou Key Laboratory of Agricultural Biotechnology, Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guiyang, Guizhou 550006, P. R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand.
Published online 7 August 2026