Fungalpedia – Note 1246, Graphostromataceae

 

Graphostromataceae M.E. Barr, J.D. Rogers & Y.M. Ju

Citation when using this data: Hyde KD et al. 2020 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.

Classification:  Xylariales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic on trunks, branches, and twigs of angiosperm plants, endophytic and pathogenic. Sexual morph: Stromata erumpent, widely effuse, irregular in outline, bipartite with ectostroma and entostroma, ectostroma develops first, young ectostroma surface buff, with matted mycelium, ectostroma develops beneath, hard and brittle. Ascomata perithecial, immersed in the enostroma, bottle-shaped, more rarely pyriform or obpyriform, black, opaque, monostichous, arranged in diatrypoid configuration in entostroma, compressed, varying in size with carbonaceous, doliiform ascomatal embedded necks. Peridium comprising hyaline, multi-layered, thin, indistinct, flattened cells. Paraphyses sparse, elongate, tapering from wide base. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, narrowly clavate, short-pedicellate, rounded to subtruncate at the apex, with J+, discoid, apical ring, inconspicuously bluing in Melzer’s reagent. Ascospores uni-multiseriate, unicellular, allantoid and hyaline or brown and ellipsoid, at times with appendages, with or without germ slits, without dehiscent perispores. Stromatal pigments absent. Asexual morph: in culture nodulisporium-type, most often periconiella-like or xylocladium-like (reduced form of Periconiella) (adapted from Wendt et al. 2018).

Notes: Barr et al. (1993) introduced Graphostromataceae to accommodate Graphostroma based on species having ascospores typical of the Diatrypaceae and conidiogeneous structures typical of the Hypoxylon. Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b) synonymized Graphostromataceae with Xylariaceae and treated Graphostroma as a genus in Xylariaceae. In recent multi-gene phylogenetic analyses reveal that Graphostromataceae is close to Barrmaeliaceae and Xylariaceae (Daranagama et al. 2018, Voglmayr et al. 2018, Wendt et al. 2018). Hongsanan et al. (2017) and Hyde et al. (2017a) provided a 63 MYA stem age for Graphostromataceae and accepted the family based on molecular clock analyses. Daranagama et al. (2015) and Senanayake et al. (2015) confirmed the monophyletic association of Biscogniauxia, Graphostroma and camillea-like genera that share common characters. Based on phylogeny and morphology, Theissenia was excluded from the family and accepted in Hypoxylaceae (Wendt et al. 2018, this study). Five accepted genera are contained in the family, Biscogniauxia, Camillea, Graphostroma, Obolarina, and Vivantia.

Type genus: Graphostroma Piroz.

 

References

Barr ME, Rogers JD, Ju YM. 1993 – Revisionary studies in the Calosphaeriaceae. Mycotaxon 48, 529–535.

Daranagama DA, Camporesi E, Tian Q, Liu X et al. 2015 – Anthostomella is polyphyletic comprising several genera in Xylariaceae. Fungal Diversity 73, 203–238.

Daranagama DA, Hyde KD, Sir EB, Thambugala KM et al. 2018 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Graphostromataceae, Hypoxylaceae, Lopadostomataceae and Xylariaceae. Fungal Diversity 88, 1–165.

Hongsanan S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Samarakoon MC et al. 2017 – An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Diversity 84, 25–41.

Hyde KD, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hongsanan S, Samarakoon MC et al. 2017a – The ranking of fungi: a tribute to David L. Hawksworth on his 70th birthday. Fungal Diversity 84, 1–23.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016b – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.

Senanayake IC, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Bhat JD et al. 2015 – Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Fungal Diversity 73, 73–144.

Voglmayr H, Friebes G, Gardiennet A, Jaklitsch WM. 2018 – Barrmaelia and Entosordaria in Barrmaeliaceae (fam. nov., Xylariales) and critical notes on Anthostomella-like genera based on multigene phylogenies. Mycological progress 17, 155–177.

Wendt L, Sir EB, Kuhnert E, Heitkämper S et al. 2018 – Resurrection and emendation of the Hypoxylaceae, recognised from a multigene phylogeny of the Xylariales. Mycological Progress 17, 115–154.

 

Entry by

Kevin David Hyde, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, P.R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China

 

Published online 28 February 2020

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