Fungalpedia – Note 2370, Graphidales

 

Graphidales. Bessey.

Citation when using this data: Yuan HS et al. 2020 – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank

Classification: Ostropomycetidae, Lecanoromycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

 

Notes: Nannfeldt (1932) established the order Ostropales Nannf. to accommodate the Ostropaceae Rehm (a synonym of Stictidaceae Fr.), a family which is comprised of non-lichenized fungi. Gilenstam (1969) suggested the lichenized genera in the Graphidales should also be included in Ostropales sensu stricto, and this wide definition was commonly accepted (Eriksson and Hawksworth 1993; Hawksworth et al. 1995; Winka et al. 1998). Graphidales, proposed by Bessey (1907), therefore, had been included in the Ostropales (Lecanoromycetes) for a long time (Staiger 2002; Kalb et al. 2004; Hibbett et al. 2007; Lumbsch et al. 2007; Kirk et al. 2008; Baloch et al. 2010; Plata and Lumbsch 2011; Rivas Plata et al. 2012; Lumbsch et al. 2014a,b; Lücking et al. 2017a,b; Wijayawardene et al. 2018). However, Kraichak et al. (2018) ranked Graphidales as a separate order based on a temporal approach, and accepted five families. In the recent outline of fungi and fungus-like taxa (Wijayawardene et al. 2020), six families are now listed in the Graphidales.

 

Type species: Graphidaceae Dumort. [as ‘Graphineae’], Comment. bot. (Tournay): 69 (1822)

 

References

Baloch E, Lücking R, Lumbsch HT, Wedin M (2010) Major clades and phylogenetic relationships between lichenized and non-lichenized lineages in Ostropales (Ascomycota: Lecanoromycetes). Taxon 59:1483−1494

Bessey CE (1907) A synopsis of plant phyla. University of Nebraska Studies 7:275−373

Eriksson OE, Hawksworth DL (1993) Outline of the ascomycetes—1993. Systema Ascomycetum 12:51−257

Gilenstam G (1969) Studies in the lichen genus Conotrema. Arkiv för Botanik, ser. 2, 7:149−179

Hawksworth DL, Kirk PM, Sutton BC, Pegler DN (1995) Ainsworth and Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi. 8th ed. Wallingford, UK, CAB International. 616 p

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Kalb K, Staiger B, Elix JA (2004) A monograph of the lichen genus Diorygma a first attempt. Symbolae Botanicae Upsaliensis 34: 133–181

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA (2008) Ainsworth & Bisby’s dictionary of the fungi, 10th edn. CAB International, Wallingford

Kraichak E, Huang JP, Nelsen M, Leavitt SD, Lumbsch HT (2018) A revised classification of orders and families in the two major subclasses of Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) based on a temporal approach. Bot J Linn Soc XX:1−17

Lücking R, Hodkinson BP, Leavitt SD (2017a) The 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota– Approaching one thousand genera. The Bryologist 119: 361–416

Lücking R, Hodkinson BP, Leavitt SD (2017b) Corrections and amendments to the 2016 classification of lichenized fungi in the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. The Bryologist 120:58–69

Lumbsch HT, Kraichak E, Parnmen S, Rivas Plata E, Aptroot A, Cáceres MES, Ertz D, Feuerstein SC, Mercado-Díaz JA, Staiger B, Van Den Broeck D, Lücking R (2014b) New higher taxa in the lichen family Graphidaceae (lichenized Ascomycota: Ostropales) based on a three-gene skeleton phylogeny. Phytotaxa 189(1): 39−51

Lumbsch HT, Parnmen S, Kraichak E, Papong BK, Lücking R (2014a) High frequency of character transformations is phylogenetically structured within the lichenized fungal family Graphidaceae (Ascomycota: Ostropales). Systematics and Biodiversity: 1−21

Lumbsch HT, Schmitt I, Lücking R, Wiklund E, Wedin M (2007) The phylogenetic placement of Ostropales within Lecanoromycetes (Ascomycota) revisited. Mycol Res 111:508−508

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Entry by

Hai-Sheng Yuan, CAS Key Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Management, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang, 110164, People’s Republic of China, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, People’s Republic of China

 

Published online 30 April 2026

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