Fungalpedia – Note 2706, Globonectria
Globonectria Etayo.
Citation when using this data: Meng QF et al. – Fungalpedia.
Index Fungorum, Faceoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1.
Classification: Nectriaceae, Hypocreales, Hypocreomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi.
The monotypic genus Globonectria was described by Etayo (2002b) and is distinguished by its immersed or erumpent, orbicular perithecia that grow on the thalli of foliose lichens, cylindrical asci with 8 uniseriate spores and a non-amyloid tholus. The ascospores are hyaline, orbicular, ornamented. Flakus et al. (2019b) identified an Acremonium-like anamorph associated with the type species, G. cochensis, confirmed through phylogenetic analysis to represent the species’ asexual state. Its asexual morph is characterized by sporodochia-like clusters of conidiophores, hyaline, aseptate conidiogenous cells, and hyaline, aseptate, subglobose to broadly ellipsoidal conidia.
Initially, Etayo (2002b) placed Globonectria within Hypocreales, noting its similarity to genera in the families Bionectriaceae and Hypocreaceae. Lumbsch et al. (2007) subsequently assigned it to Bionectriaceae, a placement widely accepted in subsequent studies (Lumbsch et al. 2007, Lumbsch et al. 2010, Wijayawardene et al. 2020, 2022). However, new sequence data and phylogenetic analysis using LSU, RPB1, RPB2 and TEF1α sequences by Flakus et al. (2019b) revealed that Globonectria forms a monophyletic group within the Nectriaceae clade. As a result, the genus is now placed within Nectriaceae (Hyde et al. 2024).
Type species: Globonectria cochensis Etayo, on Lobaria pallida (Etayo 2002b)
Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Globonectria.
Figure 1 – Globonectria cochensis redrawn from Etayo (2002b), Flakus et al. (2019b). a Section of ascoma. b Section of the ascomatal wall. c Asci. d Ascospore. e Conidiogenous cells. f Conida. Scale bars: a = 50 μm, b = 20 μm, c, e = 10 μm, d, f = 5 μm.
References
Etayo J. 2002b – Aportación al conocimiento de los hongos liquenícolas de Colombia. Bibliotheca Lichenologica 84, 1–154.
Flakus A, Etayo J, Miadlikowska J, Lutzoni F et al. 2019b – Biodiversity assessment of ascomycetes inhabiting Lobariella lichens in Andean cloud forests led to one new family, three new genera and 13 new species of lichenicolous fungi. Plant and Fungal Systematics 64 (2), 283–344.
Hyde KD, Noorabadi M, Thiyagaraja V, He M et al. 2024 – The 2024 Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. mycosphere 15, 5146–6239.
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2007 – Outline of Ascomycota—2007. Myconet 13, 1–58.
Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010 – Myconet Volume 14. Part one. Outline of Ascomycota—2009. Part two. Notes on ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751–5113. Fieldiana Life Earth Science 1, 1–64.
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde K, Al-Ani L, Tedersoo L et al. 2020 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Mycosphere 11 (1), 1060–1456.
Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Dai D-Q, Sanchez-Garcia M et al. 2022 – Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa – 2021. Mycosphere 13 (1), 53–453.
Entry by
Meng QF, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, 57100, Thailand and School of Public Health, Zunyi Medical University, Guizhou 563000, China.
Published online 16 July 2026