Codinaeella

Fungalpedia – Note 2839, Codinaeella

Codinaeella. Réblová & Hern.-Restr.

Citation when using this data: Wenping W et al. 2022 – Fungalpedia.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1

Classification: Chaetosphaeriaceae, Chaetosphaeriales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Colonies on natural substrate effuse, lanose, brown to reddish-brown. Teleomorph: Unknown. Anamorph: Setae present or occasionally absent, grow singly or in small groups, erect, straight or flexuous, septate, brown, unbranched, always fertile with a terminal or several lateral phialidic openings, setae rarely absent. Conidiophores macronematous, mononematous, crowded, arise singly or in groups, scattered among the setae if present, unbranched, occasionally branched, erect, straight or flexuous, sometimes geniculate, brown, septate, smooth. Conidiogenous cells integrated, terminal on conidiophores or short phialide-bearing branches, or discrete, lateral on conidiophores or 1–2-celled stalks, mono-and poly-phialidic, extending percurrently and sympodially, pigmented, often with persistent remnants of the collarettes; collarettes flared, funnel-shaped, the apical part may become soon evanescent. Conidia falcate, cylindrical-fusiform, curved, slightly asymmetrical, tapering toward both ends, slightly truncate at the base with an inconspicuous scar, aseptate, hyaline, with straight or gently curved setula at each end inserted terminally at the apex and subterminally at the base, accumulate in slimy fascicles (Adapted from Réblová et al. 2021).

Ecology/Substrate/Host: Saprobe on dead plant material.

Geographical distribution: Broadly distributed (Réblová et al. 2021).

Description and illustration: Réblová et al. (2021).

Notes: Codinaeella was recently created to accommodate eight Codinaea-like fungi with two layers of conidiophores, terminal mono- or poly-phialidic conidiogenous cells with percurrent and sympodial proliferation, and cylindrical fusiform and aseptate conidia bearing one setulae at each end (Réblová et al. 2021). The eight accepted species include: Codinaeella filamentosa, C. lambertiae, C. lutea, C. mimusopis, C. minuta, C. parvilobata, C. pini and C. yunnanensis. Codinaeella is separated from Codinaea s. str. by molecular and morphological characters. The two genera differ in the arrangement of setae (if present) and conidiophores on the natural substrate, and partly also in the production of pigments in vitro. The morphology of Codinaea s. str. is more complex and consists of four morphotypes (C1–C4), but none of them is comparable with those of Codinaeella (CA1 and CA2) (Réblová et al. 2021).

In our phylogenetic tree generated by the combined ITS and LSU dataset, a total of 14 species formed a strongly supported clade and different from other Codinaea s. str. and Dictyochaeta s. lat. species. The group is consisting of Codinaeella coryli, C. lambertiae, C. mimusopis, C. sinensis, C. yunnanensis, and several new species. All these species share very similar morphological characters as Codinaeella. pini, including forming two layers of conidiophores but not in clusters, solitary or clustered conidiophores, terminal mono- or polyphialidic conidiogenous cells with sympodial and percurrent extension, funnel-shaped collarettes, and hyaline, aseptate, fusiform to falcate conidia with setulae at both ends. None of these species is known with teleomorph. The recently established new genus Codinaeella is adapted to accommodate all these species. Based on both morphological and phylogenetic analysis, nine new species, all with ITS barcodes, are added into the genus.

Réblová et al. (2021) recognized two morphotypes among Codinaeella species, which is further supported from our study with inclusion of additional species. Species with the predominant morphotype CA1 (e.g., C. lutea, C. minuta, C. parvilobata) form unbranched conidiophores that grow singly or in small groups from repent hyphae or knots of hyphal cells and are usually scattered among longer, darker and thicker-walled unbranched setae. The setae resemble conidiophores; they are always fertile and terminate into a mono- or poly-phialide. The other morphotype CA2 is less common, and it is represented by C. filamentosa and C. sinensis only. It is characterized by solitary, branched conidiophores with a sterile setiform extension and lower fertile part, and they are accompanied by shorter, unbranched conidiophores. Conidiogenous cells are monophialidic, discrete, lateral and also integrated, terminal on stalks or short phialide-bearing branches and shorter conidiophores. Morphologically several known species in Chalara s. lat. and Dictyochaeta s. lat., including Codinaea coffeae, C. longispora, C. unisetula, D. taiwanensis, and several species of Dictyochaetopsis might also belong to this group. However, they might also be the anamorphs of Tainosphaeria and need to be studied with molecular phylogenetic analysis for reclassification (Hughes and Kendrick 1968; Morgan-Jones and Ingram 1976; Sutton 1980; Maggi and Persiani 1984; Arambarri et al. 1987a, b; Matsushima 1987; Crous et al. 2014; Lin et al. 2019; Luo et al. 2019; Réblová et al. 2021). Living strains of many studied species were also studied on PDA, some characters such as growth rate, pigments etc can be used as additional characters to delimit the species.

Type species: Codinaeella minuta (Tubaki) Réblová & Hern.-Restr., in Réblová, Kolařík, Nekvindová, Réblová, Sklenář, Miller, Hernández-Restrepo, J. Fungi 7(12, no. 1097): 56 (2021)

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Codinaeella.

Figure 1 – Codinaeella minuta (Wu12743). a–i Conidiophores and conidiogenous cells. j–s Conidia. Scale bar: a–c, o–p 10 μm, d–n, q–s 5 μm deep. Conidia holoblastic, acrogenous, solitary, formed in droplet surrounding the tips of conidiogenous cells, falcate, curved, obtuse at the base, 14–16.2 × 2–2.5 μm, aseptate, hyaline, smooth, with a setula of 5.5–7.5 μm long at each end. Culture characteristics: Colonies on PDA effuse, colonies 1–1.5 cm diameter in 20 days, circular, flat, margin entire, aerial mycelium well-developed, grey to grey-brown, with