Fungalpedia – Note 1019, Cladophialophora

 

Cladophialophora. Borelli, Proc.

Citation when using this data: Tian Q et al. 2021 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank., Fig 1

Classification: Herpotrichiellaceae, Chaetothyriales, Chaetothyriomycetidae, Eurotiomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Pathogenic, lichenicolous, saprobic, parasitic, endophytic, fungicolous and rock-inhabiting on a variety of hosts. Colonies olivaceous, powdery to hairy. Sexual morph: Undetermined. Asexual morph: hyphomycetous. Fertile hyphae smooth-walled, hyaline to pale brown, irregularly septate. Conidiophores absent or present, semi-macronematous, pale olivaceous to brown, septate, oblong to cylindrical. Conidial chains forming laterally or terminally on undifferentiated hyphae, branched or unbranched, acropetal. Conidia sessile or ascending, subspherical, limoniform, fusiform, ellipsoidal to ovoidal, pale olivaceous green, aseptate, conidial scars slightly pigmented, smooth- and melanized-walled, with pale scars at the narrow ends. Phialides (asexual genus Phialophora) absent or present, flask-shaped, funnel-shaped, collarettes occasionally present. Phialoconidia absent or present, hyaline, subspherical, aseptate. Chlamydospores, yeast cells or muriform cells absent, or occasionally present, thick-walled, brown (Borelli 1980, de Hoog et al. 1995, Badali et al. 2008).

Notes – Cladophialophora Borelli was introduced by Borelli (1980) to accommodate asexual, melanized taxa. Species of Cladophialophora have conidia which are produced in branched chains on poorly differentiated hyphae (Trejos 1954, de Hoog et al. 2007, Badali et al. 2008). The type species, C. carrionii, is the only species that has phialophora-like, phialidic conidiogenous cells in addition to conidial chains (Borelli 1980, de Hoog et al. 1995, Badali et al. 2008). Cladophialophora is polyphyletic in Chaetothyriales and closely related to asexually typified genera Exophiala J.W. Carmich., Fonsecaea Negroni, Knufia L.J. Hutchison & Unter., Phialophora Medlar, and Rhinocladiella Nannf.. Species of Capronia have been recorded as the sexual morphs of Cladophialophora (de Hoog et al. 2007, Badali et al. 2008, Feng et al. 2014). Phylogenetically, the majority of species of Cladophialophora separate into two main clades (carrionii- and bantiana-clades). Cladophialophora is ecological diverse. The genus includes species causing opportunistic diseases of humans and other mammals, such as C. bantiana (Sacc.) de Hoog et al., C. carrionii (Trejos) de Hoog et al., C. devriesii (A.A. Padhye & Ajello) de Hoog et al. and C. samoёnsis Badali et al. (Mitchell et al. 1990, Mendoza et al. 1993, Tintelnot et al. 1995, McGinnis et al. 1999, Badali et al. 2008, 2009, Lastoria et al. 2009). Cladophialophora cladoniae (Diederich) Diederich, C. hawksworthii (Etayo & Diederich) Diederich, C. megalosporae Diederich, C. normandinae (Diederich & Etayo) Diederich and
C. parmeliae (Etayo & Diederich) Diederich & Unter. are lichenicolous (Diederich 2010, Diederich et al. 2013). Cladophialophora species are also epiphytes, saprobes, pathogens, endophytes, soil and environmental inhabitants and may occupy different ecological niches (Iwatsu 1984, Crous et al. 2007, 2013, de Hoog et al. 2007, Badali et al. 2011, Park & Shin 2011, Feng et al. 2014, Rashmi et al. 2019).

Type species: Cladophialophora ajelloi Borelli, Proc. 5th International Conference on Mycoses: 335 (1980).

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Cladophialophora.

 

image

 

Figure 1 – Cladophialophora carrionii (CBS 160.54, ex-type, a–d redrawing from de Hoog et al. 2007, e redrawing from Badali et al. 2008). a, c Conidiophore and conidial chains.
b Conidiophores with conidiogenous cells. d Conidia. e Muriform cells. Scale bar: a–e = 10 μm.

 

References

Badali H, Carvalho VO, Vicente V, Attili-Angelis D et al. 2009 – Cladophialophora saturnica sp. nov., a new opportunistic species of Chaetothyriales revealed using molecular data. Medical Mycology 47, 51–66.

Badali H, Gueidan C, Najafzadeh MJ, Bonifaz A et al. 2008 – Biodiversity of the genus Cladophialophora. Studies in Mycology 61, 175–191.

Badali H, Prenafeta-Boldú FX, Guarro J, Klaassen CH et al. 2011 – Cladophialophora psammophila, a novel species of Chaetothyriales with a potential use in the bioremediation of volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. Fungal Biologyogy 115, 1019–1029.

Borelli D. 1980 – Causal agents of chromoblastomycosis (Chromomycetes). Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Mycoses pp. 335–340.

Crous PW, Schubert K, Braun U, de Hoog GS et al. 2007 – Opportunistic, human-pathogenic species in the Herpotrichiellaceae are phenotypically similar to saprobic or phytopathogenic species in the Venturiaceae. Studies in Mycology 58, 185–217.

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Guarro J, Cheewangkoon R et al. 2013 – Fungal Planet description sheets: 154–213. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 31, 188–296.

de Hoog GS, Guého E, Masclaux F, Gerrits van den Ende AHG et al. 1995 – Nutritional physiology and taxonomy of human-pathogenic Cladosporium–Xylohypha species. Journal of Medical & Veterinary Mycology 33, 339–347.

de Hoog GS, Nishikaku AS, Fernández Zeppenfeldt G, Padín-González C et al. 2007 – Molecular analysis and pathogenicity of the Cladophialophora carrionii complex, with the description of a novel species. Studies in Mycology 58, 219–234.

Diederich P, Ertz D, Lawrey JD, Sikaroodi M et al. 2013 – Molecular data place the hyphomycetous lichenicolous genus Sclerococcum close to Dactylospora (Eurotiomycetes) and S. parmeliae in Cladophialophora (Chaetothyriales). Fungal Diversity 58, 61–72.

Diederich P. 2010 – Sclerococcum cladoniae, a new lichenicolous hyphomycete on Cladonia from Luxembourg. Bulletin de la Société des naturalistes luxembourgeois 111, 57–59.

Feng P, Lu Q, Najafzadeh MJ, van den Ende AG et al. 2014 – Cyphellophora and its relatives in Phialophora: biodiversity and possible role in human infection. Fungal Diversity 65, 17–45.

Iwatsu T. 1984 – A new species of Cladosporium from Japan. Mycotaxon 20, 521–533.

Lastoria C, Cascina A, Bini F, Di Matteo A et al. 2009 – Pulmonary Cladophialophora boppii infection in a lung transplant recipient: case report and literature review. The Journal of Heart and Lung Transplantation 28, 635–637.

McGinnis MR, Lemon SM, Walker DH, de Hoog GS et al. 1999 – Fatal cerebritis caused by a new species of Cladophialophora. Studies in Mycology 43, 166–171.

Mendoza L, Karuppayil SM, Szaniszlo PJ. 1993 – Calcium regulates in vitro dimorphism in chromoblastomycotic fungi. Mycoses 36, 157–164.

Mitchell DM, Fitz-Henley M, Horner-Bryce J. 1990 – A case of disseminated haeohyphomycosis caused by Cladosporium devriesii. The West Indian Medical Journal 39, 118–123.

Park MJ, Shin HD. 2011 – Cladophialophora pucciniophila, a new hyphomycete parasitizing a rust fungus. Mycotaxon 116, 449–456.

Rashmi M, Kushveer JS, Sarma VV. 2019 – A worldwide list of endophytic fungi with notes on ecology and diversity. Mycosphere 10, 798–1079

Tintelnot K, von Hunnius P, de Hoog GS, Polak-Wyss A et al. 1995 – Systemic mycosis caused by a new Cladophialophora species. Medical Mycology 33, 349–354.

Trejos A. 1954 – Cladosporium carrionii n. sp. and the problem of cladosporia isolated from chromoblastomycosis. Revista de Biologia Tropical 2, 75–112.

 

Entry by

Qing Tian, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand

 

Published online 16 December 2021

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