Fungalpedia – Note 1160, Chaetomiaceae

 

Chaetomiaceae G. Winter

Citation when using this data: Hyde KD et al. 2020 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank.

Classification: Sordariales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic or parasitic on plant debris, straw, seeds, dung, feathers of birds, soil, paper, textiles, in air, on mushrooms, rabbits, and humans. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial or cleistothecial, colourless to light brown or carbonaceous, egg-yellow, grey olivaceous to (greenish) grey, golden brown, or brown to black, solitary to scattered to gregarious, superficial or immersed to semi-immersed, subglobose to obpyriform, globose, ellipsoidal, ovoid to pyriform, cylindrical, covered with hairs, setae or glabrous, hairs may be simple or branched and of one or two types, ostiolate or lacking ostioles. Peridium with thick walls, comprising several layers of hyaline or brown cells of textura epidermoidea to textura intricata. Paraphyses absent or greatly reduced, if present septate, hyaline. Asci 4- or 8-spored, unitunicate, clavate, cylindrical, obovate or ellipsoidal, pedicellate, without apical structures or with an indistinct thickened ring, evanescent, with wall dissolving at maturity. Ascospores irregularly arranged, at first colourless and dextrinoid (translucent, greenish, dark), brown to black, opaque when mature, ellipsoidal, globose, subglobose, oval, fusiform or triangular, with single or sometimes two germ pores, aseptate, with thick, smooth walls. Asexual morph: Hyphomycetous. Conidiophores absent or when present simple, hyaline, branched, septate, smooth-walled or slightly rough. Conidiogenous cells phialidic or blastic, verticillate or solitary, hyaline, consisting of a lageniform or ellipsoid swollen basal portion, cylindrical. Conidia dimorphic, first type holoblastic, hyaline to brown, smooth, globose-to obclavate, 1-celled, formed on hyphae or cylindrical conidiogenous cells, single or racemose, clusters; second type produced from phialides, hyaline to brown, lutescent, or dark brown, subglobose to globose or ellipsoidal, occasionally cylindrical, pyriform or fusiform, formed singly or in chains, 1-celled, with thick, smooth wall (adapted from Maharachchimbura et al. 2016b).

Notes: Chaetomiaceae was introduced by Winter (1885a) as “Chaetomieae”. It belongs to Sordariales (Hawksworth & Wells 1973, Mehrotra & Aneja 1990, Huhndorf et al. 2004b, Kirk et al. 2008, Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016b, Hongsanan et al. 2017). A key for 20 genera of Chaetomiaceae was provided by Maharachchikumbura et al. (2016b). Based on the phylogenetic analyses of rpb2, tub2, ITS and LSU gene regions, Wang et al. (2016a) introduced five new genera: Amesia, Arcopilus, Collariella, Dichotomopilus and Ovatospora in Chaetomiaceae. In a recent paper, Wijayawardene et al. (2018a) listed 26 genera as belonging to this family. A new genus, Arxotrichum, was introduced by Crous et al. (2018d) for a strain of Chaetomium succineum and a new isolate of Arxotrichum yomingense. Based on the results of rpb2 and a combined rpb2, tub2, ITS and LSU dataset, Mycothermus was validated as a new genus and the taxonomic status of Remersonia was determined in Chaetomiaceae by Wang et al. (2019b).

Type genus: Chaetomium Kunze.

 

References

Crous PW, Wingfield MJ, Burgess TI, Hardy GSJ et al. 2018d – Fungal Planet description sheets: 716–784. Persoonia: Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 40, 240–393.

Hawksworth DL, Wells H. 1973 – Ornamentation on the terminal hairs in Chaetomium kunze ex fr. and some allied genera. Mycol Pap 134, 1–24.

Hongsanan S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Samarakoon MC et al. 2017 – An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Diversity 84, 25–41.

Huhndorf SM, Miller AN, Fernandez FA. 2004b – Molecular systematics of the Sordariales: the order and the family Lasiosphaeriaceae redefined. Mycologia 96, 368–387.

Kirk PM, Cannon PF, Minter DW, Stalpers JA. 2008 – Dictionary of the Fungi 10th edn. CABI, Wallingford.

Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010 – Myconet volume 14 Part One. Outline of Ascomycota-2009. Part two. Notes on Ascomycete systematics. Nos. 4751–5113. Fieldiana Life Earth Sciences 1, 1–64.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2015 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72, 199–301.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016b – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.

Mehrotra RS, Aneja KR. 1990 – An introduction to mycology. New Age International, India.

Wang XW, Houbraken J, Groenewald JZ, Meijer M et al. 2016a – Diversity and taxonomy of Chaetomium and chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments. Studies in Mycology 84, 145–224.

Wang XW, Houbraken J, Groenewald JZ, Meijer M et al. 2016a – Diversity and taxonomy of Chaetomium and chaetomium-like fungi from indoor environments. Studies in Mycology 84, 145–224.

Wang XW, Lombard L, Groenewald JZ, Li J et al. 2016b – Phylogenetic reassessment of the Chaetomium globosum species complex. Persoonia-Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi 36, 83–133.

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Lumbsch HT, Liu JK et al. 2018a – Outline of Ascomycota: 2017. Fungal Diversity 88, 167–263.

Winter G. 1885a – Pilze: Ascomyceten. Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen Flora von Deutschland. Oesterreich und der Schweiz 1, 1–928.

 

Entry by

Kevin David Hyde, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, P.R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China

 

Published online 28 February 2020

 

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