Fungalpedia – Note 2028, Capnodiales

 

Capnodiales. Woron.

Citation when using this data: Hongsanan S et al. 2020 – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank

Classification: Dothideomycetidae, Dothideomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

 

Capnodiales was introduced by Woronichin (1925) and accommodated the families Antennulariellaceae, Capnodiaceae, Cladosporiaceae, Coccoideaceae, Dissoconiaceae, Metacapnodiaceae, Mycosphaerellaceae, Piedraiaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae (Lumbsch & Huhndorf 2010, Hyde et al. 2013, Chomnunti et al. 2011, 2014). Subsequently, Aeminiaceae (halotolerant on deteriorated limestones), Cystocoleaceae (lichenized), Euantennariaceae (plant parasitic), Extremaceae (extremophilic fungi), Johansoniaceae (epiphytic), Neodevriesiaceae (extremophilic fungi), Paradevriesiaceae (plant and rock-habitating fungi) surfaces, Phaeothecaceae (variety of life styles), Phaeothecoidiellaceae (sooty-blotch/flyspeck fungi), Racodiaceae (rock-habitating fungi), Schizothyriaceae (sooty-blotch/flyspeck fungi), and Xenodevriesiaceae (pathogenic or saprobic) were also accepted in this order based on phylogenetic analyses (Phookamsak et al. 2016, Hongsanan et al. 2017, Wijayawardene et al. 2017a, Doilom et al. 2018, Crous et al. 2019b), although type material of Schizothyriaceae needs to be recollected to stabilize this family. Paradevriesiaceae is synonymized under Extremaceae in this study base on its phylogenetic placement. We provide a phylogenetic tree for Capnodiales including all families in this order. Phylogenetic trees of Mycosphaerellaceae and Teratosphaeriaceae are provided separately. 

Members of Capnodiales are mostly leaf epiphytes associated with honey dew (produced by insects), or saprobes, parasites and endophytes of plants worldwide. There have been several publications concerning rock-inhabiting fungi in the Capnodiales clade with phylogenetic analyses, but the connections between rock-inhabiting fungi and other lifestyles (i.e. plant pathogens and saprobes) found in this order are unexplained. Hongsanan et al. (2016a) provided the MCC tree for a better understanding of evolution of capnodialean families. The MCC tree answers ecological and evolutionary questions, concerning the adaptation of these groups to extreme environments. The common ancestor of species occurring in extreme habitats, such as species in Extremaceae and Neodevriesiaceae diverged after other families in Capnodiales, while earlier diverged families mostly comprise pathogens and saprobes (Ismail et al. 2016, Hongsanan et al. 2016a). In our analyses, the divergence time for Capnodiales is estimated as 221 MYA (stem age)

 

Type family: Capnodiaceae Höhn., Sber. Akad. Wiss. Wien, Math.-naturw. Kl., Abt. 1 118: 1197 (1909).

 

References

Chomnunti P, Hongsanan S, Aguirre-Hudson B, Tian Q et al. 2014 – The sooty moulds. Fungal Diversity 66, 1–36.

Crous PW, Schumacher RK, Akulov A, Thangavel R et al. 2019b – New and Interesting Fungi 2. FUSE 3, 57–134.

Doilom M, Hyde KD, Phookamsak R, Dai DQ et al. 2018 – Mycosphere Notes 225–274: types and other specimens of some genera of Ascomycota. Mycosphere 9, 647–754.

Hongsanan S, Sánchez-Ramírez S, Crous PW, Ariyawansa HA, Zhao RL, Hyde KD. 2016a – The evolution of fungal epiphytes. Mycosphere 7, 1690–1712.

Hongsanan S, Zhao RL, Hyde KD. 2017 – A new species of Chaetothyrina on branches of mango, and introducing Phaeothecoidiellaceae fam. nov. Mycosphere 8, 137–146.

Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Liu J-K, Ariyawansa H et al. 2013 – Families of Dothideomycetes. Fungal Diversity 63, 1–313.

Ismail SI, Batzer JC, Harrington TC, Crous PW et al. 2016 – Ancestral state reconstruction infers phytopathogenic origins of sooty blotch and flyspeck fungi on apple. Mycologia 108, 15−36.

Lumbsch HT, Huhndorf SM. 2010 – Outline of Ascomycota 2009. Myconet 14, 1–64.

Phookamsak R, Boonmee S, Norphanphoun C, Wanasinghe DN et al. 2016 – Schizothyriaceae. Mycosphere 7, 154–189.

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Rajeshkumar KC, Hawksworth DL et al. 2017a – Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86, 1–594.

Woronichin NN. 1925 – Über die Capnodiales. Annales Mycologici 23, 174–178.

 

Entry by

Sinang Hongsanan, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Microbial Genetic Engineering, College of Life Science and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, People’s Republic of China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50002, Thailand

 

Published online 23 March 2026

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