Fungalpedia – Note 1130, Cainiaceae

 

Cainiaceae. J.C. Krug.

Citation when using this data: Hyde KD et al. 2020 (in prep.) – Fungalpedia, Ascomycota.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank

Classification: Xylariales, Xylariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic on dead grasses, bamboo and other monocotyledons and fabaceous dicotyledons, appearing as shiny black dots, slightly effuse from the substrate, or pathogenic. Sexual morph: Pseudostromata poorly developed or lacking, or sometimes clypeate, scattered, superficial, dome-shaped or slightly effuse, dark brown to black. Ascomata immersed, solitary or aggregated, globose to subglobose, coriaceous, brown, ostiolate. Ostiolar papilla short, internally lined with hyaline periphyses. Peridium one or two-layered, outer layer comprising thick-walled, brown cells of textura angularis and inner layer comprising hyaline thin-walled cells of textura angularis. Paraphyses abundant, filamentous, slightly constricted at the septa. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to broadly cylindrical, short pedicellate, with a complex, J+, cylindrical apical ring or series of rings. Ascospores uniseriate, overlapping uniseriate to biseriate, hyaline when young and dark brown at maturity, sphaerical to ellipsoidal, unicellular to 1-septate, slightly constricted at the septum, wall ornamented with longitudinal germ slits or germ pores, surrounded by a gelatinous sheath. Asexual morph: Coelomycetous. Conidiomata pycnidial, scattered, immersed, globose to subglobose, black. Conidiophores hyaline, denticulate, sympodially proliferating. Conidiogenous cells with 1–3 phialides, filiform, branched or simple, septate, hyaline. Conidia elongate fusiform, falcate to lunate, unicellular or septate, hyaline, with pointed ends (adapted from Maharachchimbura et al. 2016b).

Notes – Cainiaceae was introduced by Krug (1978) to accommodate species of Cainia with unique apical rings in the asci, consisting of a series of rings, and ascospores with longitudinal germ slits. Kang et al. (1999b) revived Cainiaceae and included the genera Arecophila, Atrotorquata, Cainia, Ceriophora, Reticulosphaeria and Ommatomyces. The phylogenetic study conducted by Jeewon et al. (2003b) provides molecular evidence to support the generic status of Arecophila in Cainiaceae. Seynesia was included in the family based on phylogenetic analyses (Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015). Several phylogenetic and morphological studies accepted Amphibambusa, Arecophila, Atrotorquata, Cainia and Seynesia in this family (Smith et al. 2003, Maharachchikumbura et al. 2015, 2016b, Liu et al. 2015, Senanayake et al. 2015, Wijayawardene et al. 2017a). Maharachchikumbura et al. (2015, 2016b), Senanayake et al. (2015) and Jaklitsch et al. (2016b) placed the family within the Xylariales Hongsanan et al. (2017) provided divergence estimates and referred the family to Xylariomycetidae family incertae sedis. We introduce a new monotypic genus Alishanica with the type A. miscanthii collected from Taiwan.

Type genus: Cainia Arx & E. Müll., Acta bot. neerl. 4(1): 111 (1955).

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Cainiaceae.

 

References

Hongsanan S, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Samarakoon MC et al. 2017 – An updated phylogeny of Sordariomycetes based on phylogenetic and molecular clock evidence. Fungal Diversity 84, 25–41.

Jaklitsch WM, Gardiennet A, Voglmayr H. 2016b – Resolution of morphology-based taxonomic delusions: Acrocordiella, Basiseptospora, Blogiascospora, Clypeosphaeria, Hymenopleella, Lepteutypa, Pseudapiospora, Requienella, Seiridium and Strickeria. Persoonia 37, 82–105.

Jeewon R, Liew ECY, Hyde KD. 2003b – Molecular systematics of the Amphisphaeriaceae based on cladistic analyses of partial LSU rDNA gene sequences. Mycological Research 107, 1392–1402.

Kang JC, Hyde KD, Kong RYC. 1999b – Studies on Amphisphaeriales. The genera excluded from the Amphisphaeriaceae, Cainiaceae and Clypeosphaeriaceae. Fungal Diversity 2, 135–151.

Krug JC. 1978 – The genus Cainia and a new family, Cainiaceae. Sydowia 30, 122–133.

Liu JK, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, Ariyawansa HA et al. 2015 – Fungal Divers notes 1–110: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal species. Fungal Diversity 72, 1–197.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016b – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2015 – Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 72, 199–301.

Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Jones EBG, McKenzie EHC et al. 2016b – Families of Sordariomycetes. Fungal Diversity 79, 1–317.

Senanayake IC, Maharachchikumbura SSN, Hyde KD, Bhat JD et al. 2015 – Towards unraveling relationships in Xylariomycetidae (Sordariomycetes). Fungal Diversity 73, 73–144.

Smith GJD, Liew ECY, Hyde KD. 2003 – The Xylariales: a monophyletic order containing 7 families. Fungal Diversity 13, 185–218.

Wijayawardene NN, Hyde KD, Rajeshkumar KC, Hawksworth DL et al. 2017a – Notes for genera: Ascomycota. Fungal Diversity 86, 1–594.

 

Entry by

Kevin David Hyde, Institute of Plant Health, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Haizhu District, Guangzhou 510225, P.R. China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, Mushroom Research Foundation, 128 M.3 Ban Pa Deng T. Pa Pae, A. Mae Taeng, Chiang Mai 50150, Thailand, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand, Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Science, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, World Agroforestry Centre, East and Central Asia, Kunming 650201, Yunnan, P.R. China

 

Published online 28 February 2020

Back to Glossary Index Page