Fungalpedia – Note 2753, Apiorhynchostoma

 

Apiorhynchostoma. Petr.

Citation when using this data: Huang SK et al. 2021 – Fungalpedia.

Index Fungorum, Facesoffungi, MycoBank, GenBank, Fig 1

Classification: Boliniaceae, Boliniales, Sordariomycetidae, Sordariomycetes, Pezizomycotina, Ascomycota, Fungi

Saprobic on wood. Sexual morph: Ascomata perithecial, scattered, immersed to semi-immersed, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, papillate, ostiole central, with periphyses. Peridium membranaceous, comprising two layers, outer layer composed of brown to pale brown cells of textura angularis; inner layer composed of hyaline cells of textura prismatica. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical, pedicellate, with J- apical ring. Ascospores uniseriate, oblong to ellipsoidal, straight to slightly curved, 0–2-septate, hyaline when young, becoming composed of 1 or 2 large, brown cell(s) with a minute pore at the end, other end with a small, hyaline to pale brown cell, smooth-walled or verrucose, guttulate. Asexual morph: Undetermined (adapted from Petrak 1923).

Notes: Currey (1859) introduced two species, named ‘Sphaeria apiculata’ and ‘Sphaeria curreyi Blox. MSS.’. Rabenhorst (1860) examined some materials and stated that Sphaeria apiculata Curr. is illegitimate as it has a homonym of Sphaeria apiculata Wallr. (Wallroth 1833). Thus, Rabenhorst (1860) re-named S. apiculata Curr. as Sphaeria curreyi Rabenh. which is a homonym of S. curreyi Blox. MSS. Due to the illegitimate species naming of ‘Sphaeria apiculata’ and ‘Sphaeria curreyi’, subsequent research has been controversial. Petrak (1923) established Apiorhynchostoma and named S. apiculata Curr. as Apiorhynchostoma apiculatum as the type species. Winter (1886) and Müller and von Arx (1962) recognized the former species related to ‘Sphaeria curreyi’ and transferred S. curreyi Rabenh. as Apiorhynchostoma curreyi as the type species of Apiorhynchostoma (Rogers et al. 1994a; Hyde et al. 1998; Stadler et al. 2013; Untereiner et al. 2013). In our study, we proposed a new epithet, Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum, based on isotype material of Sphaeria curreyi Rabenh. to avoid future confusion. Therefore, the illegitimate A. apiculatum (≡ S. apiculata Curr.) and A. curreyi (≡ S. curreyi Rabenh.) are replaced by A. apiosporum. Apiorhynchostoma is characterized by subglobose ascomata and ascospores which are composed of two brown cells and a hyaline terminal cell (Müller and von Arx 1962; Rappaz 1995; Untereiner et al. 2013). This genus has been included in Amphisphaeriaceae and Clypeosphaeriaceae based on their similar ascomata and ascospores (Hyde et al. 1998; Réblová 1998; Wang et al. 2004). Untereiner et al. (2013) analyzed ITS-LSU sequence data for ‘A. curreyi’ and showed that Apiorhynchostoma is closely related to Cornipulvina and Pseudovalsaria in Boliniales. In this study, the strain name of A. curreyi is replaced by Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum and it is sister to Pseudovalsaria ferruginea in Boliniales (72%ML).

Type species: Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum (Sacc.) Petr. [as ‘apiculata‘], Annls mycol. 21(3/4): 185 (1923).

Other accepted species: Species Fungorum – search Apiorhynchostoma.

 

image

 

Figure 1 – Apiorhynchostoma apiosporum: (S-F61087, lectotype). a Rotting, decorticated wood. b Ascomata on host. c Ascoma in cross section. d Papilla with periphyses. e Peridium. f Ascus with paraphyses. g–j Asci. k, l Apical pore of ascus (k arrow indicates pore). m–r Ascospores (arrows indicate the minute pore in n and a hyaline, thick-walled at the end in p–r). Scale bars: c = 200 µm, d, f–j = 50 µm, e, k–r = 20 µm.

 

References

Currey F 1859 – Synopsis of the fructification of the simple Sphaeriae of the Hookerian herbarium. Trans Linn Soc Lond 22:313–355.

Hyde KD, Frölich J, Taylor JE 1998 – Fungi from palms XXVI. Reflections on unitunicate ascomycetes with apiospores. Sydowia 50:21–80.

Müller E, von Arx JA 1962 – Die Gattungen der didymosporen Pyrenomyceten. Beitr. Kryptogamenflora Schweiz 11(2):1–922.

Petrak F 1923 – Mykologische Notizen. VI. Annales Mycologici 21(3–4):182–335.

Rabenhorst G 1860 – Fungi europaei exsiccati. Edito nova Series secunda Cent 3:no. 250.

Rappaz F 1995 – Anthostomella and related Xylariaceous fungi on hardwood from Europe and North America. Mycologia Helvetica 7:99–168.

Rogers JD, Stone J, Ju YM 1994a – Anthostomella formosa var. abietis var. nov. and notes on Apiorhynchostoma. Mycologia 86(5):700–703.

Stadler M, Kuhnert E, Peršoh D et al 2013 – The xylariaceae as model example for a unified nomenclature following the One fungus–one name (1F1N) concept. Mycology 4(1):5–21.

Untereiner WA, Bogale M, Carter A et al 2013 – Molecular phylogeny of Boliniales (Sordariomycetes) with an assessment of the systematics of Apiorhynchostoma, Endoxyla and Pseudovalsaria. Mycologia 105(3):564–588.

Wallroth CFW 1833 – Flora Cryptogamica Germaniae. 2:1–923.

Winter G 1886 – Ascomyceten: Gymnoasceen und Pyrenomyceten. In: Rabenhorst’s Kryptogamen-Flora. Eduard Kummer, Leipzig, vol 1, p 928.

 

Entry by

Shi-Ke Huang, State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China, The Engineering Research Center of Southwest Bio-Pharmaceutical Resources, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou Province, China, Center of Excellence in Fungal Research, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, School of Science, Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai 57100, Thailand, The Mushroom Research Centre, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China

 

Published online 18 June 2026

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